Monday, October 14, 2024
General Agriculture

Diploidy and Introduction to Polyploidy

Diploids especially and monoploids are cases of normal euplodiy. Most living organism exist normally as diploids. Euploid types that have more than two sets of chromosomes are called polyploids.

The polyploidy types are named triploids, 3x), tetraploids (4x), petaploids (5x), hexaploids (6x) and so forth.

Polyploids may arise as spontaneous chromosomal mutation and, as such, they must be considered aberrations because they differ from the well-known diploid norm.

However, many plant species have clearly arisen through polyploidy. So evidently evolution can take advantage of polyploidy when it arises.

Diploidy

This is when an organism have 2 basic homologous chromosome sets (2x).

Polyploidy

Some polyploids especially allopolyphoids (amphiploids) behave as “good diploids” after a selection process that allows polyploids that are originally meiotically irregular to become meiotically regular.

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This process is called diploidization. For instance wheat is a hexaploid AABBDD (6x = 48) but it behaves as a good diploid’ 2n = 48.

Meiotic Behavior and Fertility in Diploids

Normal bivalents are formed at meiosis and therefore balanced gametes are produced.

In conclusion, most plant species and of course animal species occur as diploids and sometimes monoploids.

Thus diploids and monoploids are regarded as cases of normal euploidy. Organisms with higher ploidy level (i.e. polyploids) are, therefore, cases of abnormal euploidy.

Organisms at ploidy level of 1 are monoploids, those with chromosome complements with ploidy level of 2 are diploids. A ploidy of 3 and above are called polyploids.

Meiosis is regular in diploids and therefore there is normal fertility unlike in monoploids and some polyploids.

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Benadine Nonye is an agricultural consultant and a writer with several years of professional experience in the agriculture industry. - National Diploma in Agricultural Technology - Bachelor's Degree in Agricultural Science - Master's Degree in Science Education - PhD Student in Agricultural Economics and Environmental Policy... Visit My Websites On: 1. Agric4Profits.com - Your Comprehensive Practical Agricultural Knowledge and Farmer’s Guide Website! 2. WealthinWastes.com - For Effective Environmental Management through Proper Waste Management and Recycling Practices! Join Me On: Twitter: @benadinenonye - Instagram: benadinenonye - LinkedIn: benadinenonye - YouTube: Agric4Profits TV - Pinterest: BenadineNonye4u - Facebook: BenadineNonye

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