How To Grow, Use and Care For Thickspike Wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus)

October 28, 2023November 27, 2023 Agric4Profits

Elymus lanceolatus is a species of grass known by the common names thickspike wheatgrass and streamside wheatgrass. It is native to North America, where it is widespread and abundant in much of Canada and the western and central United States.

There are two subspecies, subsp. lanceolatus occurring throughout the species’ range and subsp. psammophilus occurring in the Great Lakes region.

Elymus lanceolatus subsp. lanceolatus is a perennial, rhizomatous grass. It has a moderate growth rate and is shade intolerant. It is available commercially.

Thickspike wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus) is a valuable native grass species that plays a crucial role in rangeland ecosystems and forage production. Recognizing and identifying this grass is essential for land managers, farmers, and conservationists.

In this guide, we will delve into the characteristics, habitat, and techniques for identifying Thickspike wheatgrass, using relevant and relatable examples to enhance your understanding.

Characteristics of Thickspike Wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus)

How To Grow, Use and Care For Thickspike Wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus)

1. Growth Form: Thickspike wheatgrass is a perennial grass that typically grows in dense bunches. Its stem can reach a height of 30-100 cm (12-39 inches). The grass forms a tufted habit, with several stems arising from the same root crown.

2. Leaves: The leaves of Thickspike wheatgrass are long and narrow, measuring about 2-6 mm in width. They are usually flat or folded and have a distinctive bluish-green color. The leaf blades have a prominent central vein and may be covered with fine hairs.

3. Seed Head: One of the key identifying features is the seed head of Thickspike wheatgrass. The seed head is dense, cylindrical, and has a “thick” appearance due to the closely packed spikelets. These spikelets contain the seeds and are often arranged in pairs, with awns (bristle-like appendages) attached to each seed.

Habitat and Range of Thickspike Wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus)

Thickspike wheatgrass is commonly found in a variety of habitats across North America, including:

1. Grasslands: It thrives in native grasslands, where it plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and providing forage for wildlife and livestock.

2. Rangelands: Thickspike wheatgrass is a valuable component of rangeland ecosystems, helping to prevent soil erosion and improving forage quality.

3. Disturbed Areas: It can also colonize disturbed areas such as roadsides and abandoned fields.

Tips to Identify Thickspike Wheatgrass (Elymus lanceolatus)

To accurately identify Thickspike wheatgrass, consider the following tips:

1. Examine the seed head for thickness and paired spikelets with awns.

2. Take note of the bluish-green color and narrow leaves with a central vein.

3. Observe the growth form, looking for bunchy tufts of grass.

1. Selecting the Ideal Location: Thickspike Wheatgrass thrives in a variety of environments, but it performs best in well-drained, sunny areas. Before planting, consider the following:

1a. Sunlight: Ensure your chosen location receives at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. This will promote healthy growth and robust root development.

1b. Soil Quality: Thickspike Wheatgrass is adaptable to different soil types but prefers well-draining soils. Conduct a soil test to determine its pH and nutrient content. Aim for a pH range of 6.0-7.5 for optimal growth.

1c. Spacing: Space your plants 12-18 inches apart to provide ample room for growth and to prevent overcrowding.

Imagine your garden has a sunny patch along the southern border with well-drained soil. This would be an ideal spot to cultivate Thickspike Wheatgrass.

2. Preparing the Soil: Prepare the soil to create an ideal environment for Thickspike Wheatgrass to flourish:

2a. Soil Testing: Collect a soil sample and have it tested at a local cooperative extension office or use a home testing kit. Based on the results, amend the soil with organic matter or appropriate fertilizers to adjust nutrient levels.

2b. Tilling and Weeding: Remove weeds and debris from the planting area. Till the soil to a depth of 4-6 inches to create a loose, aerated bed.

2c. Organic Matter: Incorporate well-rotted compost or organic matter into the soil to improve its structure and moisture retention.

If after conducting a soil test, you discover that your soil is slightly acidic with a pH of 6.2, you should add agricultural lime to raise the pH and create a more suitable growing environment for Thickspike Wheatgrass.

3. Planting Thickspike Wheatgrass: Now that your soil is ready, it’s time to plant your Thickspike Wheatgrass seeds:

3a. Seed Selection: Choose high-quality Thickspike Wheatgrass seeds from a reputable supplier. Ensure they are well-suited for your region.

3b. Planting Depth: Sow the seeds at a depth of approximately 1/4 inch into the prepared soil.

3c. Watering: Gently water the area after planting to settle the soil around the seeds.

If you purchase Thickspike Wheatgrass seeds recommended for your USDA hardiness zone and follow the recommended planting depth, You should use a seed spreader for even distribution.

4. Watering and Maintenance: Proper watering and maintenance are crucial to establish healthy Thickspike Wheatgrass in your garden:

4a. Watering Schedule: Water consistently to keep the soil evenly moist during the germination period, which typically takes 2-4 weeks. Once established, Thickspike Wheatgrass is drought-tolerant.

4b. Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch around the plants to help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.

4c. Fertilization: If necessary, provide a balanced, slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. Follow the recommended application rates on the product label.

5. Pruning and Dividing: To maintain the health and appearance of your Thickspike Wheatgrass, consider periodic pruning and division:

5a. Pruning: Trim back any dead or damaged foliage in late winter or early spring to encourage new growth.

5b. Division: Every 2-3 years, consider dividing mature Thickspike Wheatgrass clumps to prevent overcrowding and improve overall plant health.

In early spring, prune your Thickspike Wheatgrass to remove any brown or damaged leaves, ensuring it looks vibrant and lush throughout the growing season.

6. Pest and Disease Management: To maintain the health of your Thickspike Wheatgrass, it’s essential to be vigilant about potential pests and diseases:

6a. Pest Inspection: Regularly inspect your plants for signs of pests such as aphids or grasshoppers. If you notice an infestation, consider using natural remedies or environmentally friendly insecticides.

6b. Disease Prevention: Promote good air circulation by spacing your Thickspike Wheatgrass plants adequately. This can help prevent diseases like rust or powdery mildew. Remove and dispose of any infected plant material promptly.

During your routine garden inspections, if you notice some aphids on your Thickspike Wheatgrass, instead of using harsh chemicals, you introduce ladybugs to your garden as a natural predator to control the aphid population.

7. Wildlife Attraction and Erosion Control: Thickspike Wheatgrass is not only aesthetically pleasing but also attracts wildlife and contributes to erosion control:

7a. Wildlife Habitat: The dense foliage and seeds of Thickspike Wheatgrass can provide shelter and food for various birds and small mammals, enhancing biodiversity in your garden.

7b. Erosion Control: The deep root system of Thickspike Wheatgrass helps stabilize soil, making it an excellent choice for erosion-prone areas, such as slopes or streambanks.

If you notice that your Thickspike Wheatgrass has become a favorite spot for nesting birds like sparrows and finches, it provides a delightful spectacle for your garden.

8. Enjoying Your Thickspike Wheatgrass Garden: As your Thickspike Wheatgrass matures, you can sit back and relish the beauty and benefits it brings to your garden:

8a. Relaxation: Your garden now boasts the calming presence of lush, swaying Thickspike Wheatgrass, creating a tranquil atmosphere where you can unwind.

8b. Ecological Impact: You can take pride in the positive environmental impact of your garden, from providing habitat for wildlife to reducing soil erosion.

You’ve created a peaceful corner in your garden where you can sit and enjoy the gentle rustling of your Thickspike Wheatgrass as it dances in the breeze. It has also become a conversation starter with neighbors and friends who admire your beautiful and ecologically conscious garden.

9. Seasonal Considerations: To ensure your Thickspike Wheatgrass remains healthy year-round, it’s important to consider its needs during different seasons:

9a. Winter Care: Thickspike Wheatgrass is hardy and can withstand cold temperatures. However, in regions with harsh winters, you may want to provide some protection by mulching the area around the plants to insulate the soil and prevent frost heave.

9b. Summer Maintenance: During the peak of summer, keep an eye on soil moisture levels. While Thickspike Wheatgrass is drought-tolerant once established, providing occasional deep watering during prolonged dry spells can help it thrive.

As winter approaches, add a layer of straw mulch around your Thickspike Wheatgrass to protect the roots from extreme cold. During a particularly dry summer, make sure to water your plants deeply every two weeks to maintain their vigor.

10. Observing Growth and Adaptation: Regularly observe your Thickspike Wheatgrass to understand how it responds to your specific garden conditions:

10a. Growth Patterns: Take note of how your Thickspike Wheatgrass grows over the years. You may notice changes in density, height, or the spread of the plants.

10b. Adaptation: Your Thickspike Wheatgrass may adapt to your garden’s microclimate and soil conditions. This adaptability can provide valuable insights into the resilience of native plants.

11. Sharing Your Knowledge: As you become an expert in growing Thickspike Wheatgrass, consider sharing your knowledge and experiences with fellow gardeners and nature enthusiasts. Engage with gardening clubs, online forums, or local community events to inspire others to cultivate native grasses in their gardens.

In conclusion, growing Thickspike Wheatgrass in your garden is not only a satisfying and eco-friendly endeavor but also a journey of continuous learning and appreciation for the natural world.

By following the steps outlined in this guide and staying attuned to your garden’s specific needs, you can create a thriving ecosystem that enhances both your outdoor space and the environment.