Proper handling techniques for pigs are essential to minimize injury and stress for both the pig and the handler. All stockmen responsible for handling and restraining pigs should be trained in the correct techniques, which should vary based on the size and age of the pigs.
Preparation Before Restraining Pigs
Before restraining a pig for treatment, it is important to ensure:
- All required equipment is ready to use.
- The equipment is easily accessible once the pig is restrained.
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Handling and Restraining Young Pigs (Up to 10 kg)
1. Moving Piglets (By Lifting Them):
i. Lift the piglet by a back leg, being careful not to ‘snatch’ or ‘swing’ it.
ii. Support the chest with your other hand when moving over any distance to avoid undue pressure on the leg joints.
iii. Lower the piglet to the ground gently, ensuring both front legs touch the surface before lowering the back legs and releasing the grip.
iv. Only lift one piglet at a time in each hand.
v. Never pick up a piglet by its ear, front leg, or tail as this can cause ear hematomas or other injuries.
2. Restraining/Handling for Inspection:
i. Lift the piglet by the back leg and place the other hand under its chest to provide support.
ii. Hold the piglet horizontally, supporting it to reduce its ability to move.
iii. Alternatively, the piglet can be placed over the forearm with the chest in the palm and legs hanging on either side of the arm.
Handling and Restraining Older Pigs (Over 10 kg)
1. Moving Growing Pigs, Sows, and Boars:
i. Move pigs in a calm and unhurried manner.
ii. Allow the pig to walk to its destination at its own pace.
iii. Encourage the pig forward using a pig board and voice, but avoid kicking or using sticks/prods to hit them.
iv. Pigs should only be encouraged forward when the way ahead is clear and free from obstacles.
v. Avoid using banned equipment like electric goads.
2. Restraint for Treatment:
i. Ensure the area is large enough to perform the task safely but small enough to restrict the pig’s movement.
ii. Prevent the pig from moving forward using a pig board or gentle pressure applied to the hindquarters.
iii. Perform the treatment quickly and return the pig to its pen promptly.
Use of a Snare for Pig Restraint
In cases where procedures take longer, such as lancing an abscess, the use of a restraining snare may be necessary. However, it should only be used when absolutely necessary, and handlers must be trained in its use.
- Set up the restraint area and control the pig’s movement using a pig board.
- Choose a snare loop size that is appropriate for the pig.
- Place the snare loop in the pig’s mouth, over the top jaw and snout, tightening it securely.
- Hold the snare while a second person performs the task.
- Release the snare smoothly once the task is complete and return the pig to its pen.
- Pigs should not be restrained for prolonged periods with a snare, nor should they be pulled or tied by the snare.
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Recommended Handling Practices
To minimize the risk of injury and stress while handling or restraining pigs, it is recommended to:
- Aim for 0% of pigs being injured during handling or restraining.
- Respect the pig’s flight zone and avoid approaching through its blind spot.
- Move pigs in manageable groups that are appropriate for their size and the facilities.
- Ensure pigs are moved at a comfortable pace for the animal.
- Minimize distractions and have non-essential personnel out of the pig’s sight during movement.
Pigs have a natural tendency to move toward gaps or openings when approached, and this behavior can be used to direct them as needed. Two pig boards can be placed on either side of the pig’s head to guide it forward.
As pigs age, they can be trained to move under the control of one handler using a pig board and bat. The handler should always keep the pig board between themselves and the pig.
Proper training and understanding of pig behavior can prevent the pig from turning and charging when multiple handlers are involved.
These guidelines outline the safe and effective techniques for handling and restraining pigs during inspection or treatment, ensuring the well-being of both pigs and handlers.
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Frequently Asked Questions
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