Crassocephalum, nke sayensị maara dị ka Crassocephalum crepidioides, bụ osisi perennial nke ezinụlọ Asteraceae. A na-akpọkwa letus Africa ma ọ bụ nnukwu isi, osisi a na-egosipụta àgwà pụrụ iche nke na-ekewa ya na ụwa osisi..
Crassocephalum bụ ahịhịa ahịhịa nke na-etolite n’ịdị elu nke ihe dịka 30 ruo 80 centimeters. Omume uto ya guzoro ọtọ na alaka, yana ọtụtụ ị ga na-apụta na isi. A na-ahazi akwụkwọ ndị ahụ ọzọ n’akụkụ ị ga.
Otu n’ime ihe ndị a na-ahụ anya nke Crassocephalum bụ akwụkwọ ya. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ nwere elongated, nwere ọdịdị lance, ma nwee akụkụ ndị gbajiri agbaji. Ha na-egosipụta agba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ miri emi ma kpuchie ya na ntutu dị mma, dị nro nke na-enye ha ọdịdị velvety. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na-eto n’usoro yiri rosette na ala osisi na n’akụkụ ị ga.
Crassocephalum na-emepụta odo na-egbuke egbuke, okooko osisi daisy dị ka àgwà nke ezinụlọ Asteraceae. Okooko osisi ndị a jikọtara ọnụ nwere ọtụtụ florets dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere bracts gbara ya gburugburu.
A na-ahazi okooko osisi na ụyọkọ na nsọtụ nke ị ga-emepụta ihe ngosi na-adọrọ adọrọ. Okooko osisi ahụ abụghị naanị na-agbakwunye mma na osisi ahụ kamakwa ọ na-ekerekwa òkè dị oke mkpa n’ịdọta ndị na-eme pollinators.
N’ịgbaso pollination na-aga nke ọma, okooko osisi Crassocephalum na-etolite n’ime obere mkpụrụ osisi kpọrọ nkụ nke a maara dị ka achenes. Achene nke ọ bụla nwere otu mkpụrụ ma nwee pappus feathery, ihe owuwu na-enyere aka n’ịgbasa mkpụrụ osisi.
Crassocephalum nwere usoro mgbọrọgwụ fibrous nke na-etinye osisi ahụ n’ime ala ma na-eme ka mmiri na nri na-edozi ahụ. Mgbọrọgwụ usoro na-akwado osisi ibu na mkpokọta vitality.
Crassocephalum bụ nwa afọ Africa, a na-ahụkarị ya na mpaghara okpomọkụ na ebe okpomọkụ. Ọ na-eme nke ọma n’ebe obibi dị iche iche, gụnyere ubi ghe oghe, ala ahịhịa, na ebe nsogbu. N’ihi ngbanwe ya, Crassocephalum aghọwo ihe a na-ahụkarị na mpaghara ụfọdụ na-abụghị nke obodo ya.
Crassocephalum nwere mkpa omenala na nri na ụfọdụ obodo Africa. A na-eri akwụkwọ osisi ahụ dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ma tinye ya na efere ọdịnala. A na-ekele ha maka uru nri ha na ụtọ pụrụ iche.
Gụkwuo: Uru ahụike ọgwụ 20 nke Acokanthera oblongifolia (Apple Poison na-egbu egbu)
Uru ahụike ọgwụ nke Crassocephalum (Crassocephalum crepidioides)
1. Njirimara mgbochi mkpali: Crassocephalum nwere ogige bioactive nwere mmetụta mgbochi mkpali dị ike. Ihe ndị a nwere ike inye aka belata mbufụt n’ime ahụ, na-eme ka ọ baa uru maka ọnọdụ ndị dị ka ọrịa ogbu na nkwonkwo, nkwonkwo nkwonkwo, na ọrịa mkparị.
2. Enyemaka iku ume: Akwụkwọ nke Crassocephalum nwere ihe ndị na-atụ anya ya, nke nwere ike inye aka na-ekpochapụ akụkụ iku ume ma na-ebelata nkwụsịtụ. Nke a na-eme ka ọ baa uru maka ijikwa ọnọdụ iku ume dị ka ụkwara, bronchitis, na ụkwara ume ọkụ.
3. Nkasi obi mgbari nri: A na-eji Crassocephalum eme ihe n’ọdịnala iji belata ahụ erughị ala mgbari nri. Ọ nwere ike inye aka belata afọ ntachi, afọ ntachi, na nsogbu eriri afọ ndị ọzọ, na-akwalite usoro nri nri ka mma.
4. Nchekwa Antioxidant: Ọgaranya na antioxidants, Crassocephalum na-enyere aka ịlụso nrụgide oxidative ọgụ site na iwepu radicals efu na-emerụ ahụ. Iri nri mgbe niile nwere ike itinye aka n’ibelata ihe ize ndụ nke ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala yana ịkwalite ọdịmma zuru oke.
5. Usoro shuga ọbara: Nnyocha na-egosi na Crassocephalum nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ n’ịhazi ọkwa shuga dị n’ọbara. Nke a nwere ike ịba uru karịsịa maka ndị nwere ọrịa shuga ma ọ bụ ndị na-achọ ịnọgide na-enwe ọkwa glucose dị mma.
6. Nkwado mgbochi: Njirimara nke Crassocephalum na-akwalite ahụ ike nwere ike ime ka usoro nchebe anụ ahụ dịkwuo elu, na-enyere ya aka igbochi ọrịa na ọrịa nke ọma.
7. Ọgwụgwọ ọnya: A na-eji akwụkwọ Crassocephalums mee ihe n’elu iji nyere aka n’ịgwọ ọnya. Itinye akwụkwọ e gwepịara egwepịa n’obere mkpụka ma ọ bụ abrasions nwere ike ịkwalite mgbake ngwa ngwa ma gbochie ọrịa.
8. Mbelata nchekasị na nchekasị: Iri Crassocephalum nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị jụụ na usoro ụjọ ahụ, na-enye aka na mbelata nchekasị na ibelata nchekasị. Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite izu ike na mmetụta nke ịdị mma.
9. Ahụike imeju: Ojiji ọdịnala nke Crassocephalum gụnyere ịkwado ahụike imeju na usoro detoxification. Ngwakọta ya nwere ike inye aka ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ imeju kacha mma.
10. Ike ọkpụkpụ: Crassocephalums mineral ọdịnaya, gụnyere calcium na magnesium, na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe ọkpụkpụ siri ike ma dị mma, nke dị mkpa maka njem na ịdị mma n’ozuzu ya.
Gụkwuo: Uru ahụike ọgwụ 15 nke Broussonetia Papyriferra (Mulberry Akwụkwọ)
Ụzọ eji eme ihe iji nweta uru ahụike enyere nke Crassocephalum (Crassocephalum crepidioides)
1. Nri nri: Tinye akwụkwọ n’ime salad: Otu n’ime ụzọ kachasị mfe iji nweta Crassocephalum bụ site n’ịgbakwunye akwụkwọ ọhụrụ ya na salads gị. Akwụkwọ ndị dị nro nwere ike inye ekpomeekpo pụrụ iche na nkwalite nri maka nri gị.
2. Osisi herbal na infusions: Kwadebe Tii Crassocephalum: Sichaa mmiri na steepụ Crassocephalum n’ime ya iji mepụta tii ahịhịa. Usoro a na-enye gị ohere wepụ osisi ndị bara uru ogige ma nwee ihe ọṅụṅụ na-atọ ụtọ.
3. Ngwa nri: Tinye n’ime efere esichara: Enwere ike ịgbakwunye akwụkwọ Crassocephalum na efere esi nri dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ọ bụla ọzọ. Tinye ha n’ime ofe, stews, stew-fries, na ntụziaka ndị ọzọ iji kwalite ma ekpomeekpo na ọdịnaya nri nke nri gị.
4. Ngwa ngwa: Tinye na ọnya: Enwere ike itinye akwụkwọ Crassocephalum e gwepịara egwepịa n’elu maka obere ọnya na mbepụ. Ihe ọkụkụ ndị nwere antibacterial Njirimara nwere ike inye aka n’ịgwọ ọnya ma gbochie ọrịa.
5. Mkpokọta ahịhịa: Kwadebe tinctures ma ọ bụ wepụ: Maka ụdị Crassocephalum gbadoro anya karị, ị nwere ike ịmepụta tinctures ma ọ bụ wepụ ya site n’iwepụta akwụkwọ na mmanya ma ọ bụ ihe mgbaze ọzọ. Enwere ike iji ihe ndị a na-emepụta ihe na obere obere ma tinye ya na mmiri.
6. Smoothies na ihe ọṅụṅụ: Gwakọta na Smoothies: Tinye akwụkwọ Crassocephalum ọhụrụ na smoothies ma ọ bụ ihe ọṅụṅụ gị iji mepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ na-edozi ahụ ma na-enye ume ọhụrụ. Ịgwakọta akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na-eme ka ị mara na ị na-eri ihe ọkụkụ ahụ dum, gụnyere nri ndị bara uru ya.
7. Osisi ahịhịa: Mepụta akpa akpa: Enwere ike ijikọ akwụkwọ Crassocephalum a gwepịara egwepịa na ahịhịa ndị ọzọ na-enye obi ụtọ iji mepụta poultices. Enwere ike itinye poultices ndị a na akwara mgbu, ọnya, ma ọ bụ ebe mbufụt maka enyemaka mpaghara.
8. Nkwadebe nke steamed: Steam epupụta: Steam Crassocephalum na-ahapụ dị ka efere n’akụkụ ma ọ bụ tinye ha na akwụkwọ nri ndị ọzọ na-esi ísì ụtọ. Iku ume na-enyere aka idowe ihe ọkụkụ na nri na ụtọ.
9. Mgbakwunye ahịhịa: Nyochaa Mgbakwụnye ahịhịa: N’ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mpụta Crassocephalum nwere ike ịdị n’ụdị capsules ma ọ bụ mbadamba ihe dị ka mgbakwunye ahịhịa. Ọ bụrụ na ịhọrọ ịga n’ụzọ a, hụ na ị gakwuru onye ọkachamara ahụike tupu ịmalite usoro mgbakwunye ọhụrụ ọ bụla.
10. Mmepụta nri nri: Nnwale na kichin: Nweta ihe okike na Crassocephalum site na ịnwale usoro nri ọhụrụ na ngwakọta nri. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ ụzọ na-atọ ụtọ iji jikọta uru ahụike osisi na nri gị.
Mmetụta dị n’iji Crassocephalum Ọgwụ Ọgwụ
1. Ahụhụ mgbari nri: Iri oke akwụkwọ Crassocephalum nwere ike bute ahụ erughị ala n’ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ. Nke a nwere ike igosipụta dị ka bloating, gas, ma ọ bụ iwe iwe. Iji zere nke a, rie Crassocephalum n’ime oke ma hụ ka ahụ gị si eme.
2. Mmeghachi omume nfụkasị ahụ: Dị ka ọ dị n’osisi ọ bụla, enwere ike inwe mmeghachi ahụ nfụkasị na ndị nwere mmetụta. Ọ bụrụ na ị hụ ihe mgbaàmà dị ka itching, ọkụ ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ọzịza mgbe ị risịrị ma ọ bụ bata na Crassocephalum, kwụsị iji ma chọọ nlekọta ahụike ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.
3. Ime na nọọsụ: Ndị inyom dị ime na ndị nọọsụ kwesịrị ịkpachara anya mgbe ha na-eji Crassocephalum maka uru ọgwụ. Ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya ịkpọtụrụ onye ọkachamara ahụike tupu ịtinye osisi ahụ n’ime nri ha, n’ihi na aghọtachaghị mmetụta ya na ime na nwa ara.
4. Mmekọrịta ọgwụ: Ọ bụrụ na ị na-aṅụ ọgwụ, karịsịa maka ọnọdụ na-adịghị ala ala ma ọ bụ nchegbu ahụike kpọmkwem, kpọtụrụ onye nlekọta ahụike tupu i jiri Crassocephalum. Enwere ike ịmekọrịta mmekọrịta n’etiti ogige osisi na ọgwụ ụfọdụ.
5. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa: Ọ bụ ezie na Crassocephalum na-enye ọtụtụ uru, iji ya emebiga ihe ókè nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta ọjọọ. Jide n’aka ego akwadoro ma erifela ihe ka ịzenarị mmetụta ndị nwere ike ime.
6. Ogo na isi mmalite: Ịdị mma na iwepụta akwụkwọ Crassocephalum nwekwara ike imetụta nchekwa ha na mmetụta ndị nwere ike ime. Gbaa mbọ hụ na ihe ọkụkụ ahụ sitere na isi iyi ama ama na ntụkwasị obi iji belata ihe egwu nke mmetọ ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume ọjọọ.
7. Ngbanwe nke onye: Ahụ nke ọ bụla n’otu n’otu na-emeghachi omume n’ụzọ dị iche na bekee, gụnyere botanicals. Ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị n’akụkụ ebe ndị ọzọ nwere ike ọ gaghị adị. Ọ dị mkpa ige ahụ gị ntị ma mee mkpebi ndị ziri ezi dabere na mmetụta gị.
8. Mmekọrịta na ọnọdụ ahụike: Ndị mmadụ nwere ọnọdụ ahụike dị adị, karịsịa ndị metụtara imeju, akụrụ, ma ọ bụ usoro eriri afọ, kwesịrị ịkpọtụrụ ọkachamara ahụike tupu ha ejiri Crassocephalum, n’ihi na aghọtachaghị mmetụta ya na ọnọdụ ndị a.
9. Nkwadebe nri: Mgbe ị na-eji Crassocephalum na nkwadebe nri, hụ na a na-asacha akwụkwọ ndị ahụ nke ọma ma sie ya iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke iri microorganisms na-emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ mmetọ.
10. Ọ bụghị onye nọchiri anya ndụmọdụ ọkachamara: Ọ bụ ezie na Crassocephalum nwere ike inye uru ọgwụ, e kwesịghị iji ya dochie anya ndụmọdụ ahụike ọkachamara, nchọpụta, ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere nchegbu ahụike, kpọtụrụ onye ọkachamara ahụike tozuru oke mgbe niile.
Uru nri nke Crassocephalum crepidioides
1. Protein crude: Crassocephalum crepidioides nwere nnukwu protein crude, ihe dịka 27.17% na akwụkwọ mịrị amị, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi protein bara uru maka nri mmadụ na anụmanụ, na-akwado uto na nrụzi.
2. Fiber crude: N’ihe dị ka 8.13% eriri crude, osisi a na-enyere aka mgbari nri, na-akwalite ahụike eriri afọ, ma na-enyere aka igbochi afọ ntachi site n’ịgbakwunye nnukwu nri na nri.
3. Ọdịnaya Ash: Ọdịnaya ash, gburugburu 17.31%, na-egosi profaịlụ ịnweta ọgaranya, na-enye aka na oriri ịnweta mkpokọta dị mkpa maka ahụike ọkpụkpụ na ọrụ metabolic.
4. Nitrogen-free wepụ (NFE): Nwere 19.03% NFE, Crassocephalum crepidioides na-enye carbohydrates maka ike, na-akwado ihe omume anụ ahụ na nke uche kwa ụbọchị.
5. Potassium: Osisi a bụ ezigbo isi iyi potassium (0.07%), nke na-akwado ahụike obi, na-achịkwa ọbara mgbali elu, na-enyere aka n’ịrụ ọrụ akwara.
6. Ígwè: Site na ọdịnaya ígwè nke 0.056%, ọ na-enyere aka n’ichepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, na-egbochi anaemia na imeziwanye ikuku oxygen n’ime ahụ.
7. Calcium: Crassocephalum crepidioides na-enye calcium (105.09 mg / kg), dị mkpa maka ọkpụkpụ siri ike, ezé, na ọrụ akwara kwesịrị ekwesị.
8. Ngụkọta Amino Acid: Osisi ahụ nwere 19.01 mg / g nke ngụkọta amino acid, gụnyere ndị dị mkpa dị ka valine na phenylalanine, dị mkpa maka njikọ protein na ahụike zuru oke.
9. Ngwakọta phenolic: Ọgaranya na phenols (422.22 gallic acid kwekọrọ mg / g), ogige ndị a na-enye akụrụngwa antioxidant, na-echebe mkpụrụ ndụ site na nrụgide oxidative na mbufụt.
10. Flavonoids: Site na 3.46 quercetin dakọtara mg/g, flavonoids na Crassocephalum crepidioides na-enye aka na mmetụta mgbochi mkpali na mgbochi mgbochi.
Ihe akaebe sayensị na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Crassocephalum crepidioides
1. Dairo & amp; Adanlawo (2007): Ọmụmụ ihe a tụlere ogo nri nke Crassocephalum crepidioides, na-achọpụta na ọ nwere protein crude 27.17% na mineral dị mkpa dị ka potassium na ígwè, na-akwado iji ya dị ka ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ maka nri mmadụ na anụmanụ.. Dairo, FAS, & amp; Adanlawo, IG (2007). Ogo nri nke Crassocephalum crepidioides na Senecio biafrae. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Pakistan nke Nutrition, 6(1), 35–39.
2. Arawande et al. (2013): Ndị nchọpụta nyochara ihe oriri na phytochemical nke Crassocephalum crepidioides, na-akọ 15.09% protein crude, 13.27% fiber crude, na potassium dị elu (791.40 mg / kg), na-akwado ike ya dị ka isi iyi nri na-edozi ahụ.. Arawande, JO, Komolafe, EA, & amp; Imokhuede, B. (2013). Nri na phytochemical mejupụtara nke fireweed (Crassocephalum crepidioides). Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke teknụzụ ugbo, 9 (2), 439-449.
3. Ayodele et al. (2019): Ọmụmụ ihe a nyochara mmetụta anticoagulant nke Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf methanol wepụ, na-egosi na ọ na-agba ọbara ogologo oge na oge na-akụchi na oke ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga, na-atụ aro ikike ijikwa nsogbu thrombotic.. Ayodele, OO, Onajobi, FD, & amp; Osoniyi, O. (2019). Mmetụta anticoagulant in vitro nke Crassocephalum crepidioides leaf methanol wepụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe na ọbara mmadụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke nyocha ọgwụ, 11, 99-107.
4. Nwere ike & amp; Thao (2020): Achọpụtara mpempe akwụkwọ hydroethanolic nke Crassocephalum crepidioides iji belata oge mmechi ọnya site na ụbọchị 3.5 na ụdị òké, na-egosipụta antioxidant, mgbochi mkpali, na ihe na-agwọ ọnya.. Nwere ike, NM, & amp; Thao, DTP (2020). Ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọnya nke Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore. akwukwo hydroethanolic wepụ. Ọgwụ Oxidative na Ogologo ndụ Cellular, 2020, 2483187.
5. Adefegha et al. (2014): Nchọpụta a gosipụtara antioxidant na acetylcholinesterase inhibitory Njirimara nke Crassocephalum crepidioides, yana ogige phenolic na-enye aka na ikike ya iji gbochie ọrịa ndị metụtara nrụgide oxidative.. Adefegha, SA, Oboh, G., Molehin, OR, Saliu, JA, Athayde, ML, & amp; Boligon, AA (2014). Nyocha akara mkpịsị aka chromatographic, ihe mgbochi acetylcholinesterase na ọrụ antioxidant nke redflower ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides) wepụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Biochemistry nri, 40, 109-119.
6. Tomimori et al. (2012): Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ gosipụtara na Crassocephalum crepidioides na-egosipụta ọrụ antitumor ma kwalite mmepụta macrophage nitric oxide, na-egosi ike ya na mgbochi ọrịa cancer.. Tomimori, K., Nakama, S., Kimura, R., Tamaki, K., Ishikawa, C., & amp; Mori, N. (2012). Ọrụ antitumor na macrophage nitric oxide na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ ọgwụ, Crassocephalum crepidioides. Ngwakọta BMC na ọgwụ ọzọ, 12, 78.
Ajụjụ ndị a na-ajụkarị gbasara Crassocephalum crepidioides
1. Kedu ihe bụ Crassocephalum crepidioides?
Ọ bụ ahịhịa kwa afọ, nke a makwaara dị ka fireweed ma ọ bụ redflower ragleaf, nke a na-ejikarị dị ka akwụkwọ nri akwụkwọ na ọgwụ ọdịnala na mpaghara okpomọkụ, karịsịa Africa.
2. Crassocephalum crepidioides ọ dị mma iri?
Ee, a na-eri ya n’ọtụtụ ebe dị ka akwụkwọ nri na ofe na salads, mana o nwere pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ya mere a chọrọ nyocha ọzọ maka ọkwa oriri na-adịghị mma.
3. Kedu uru ahụike nke Crassocephalum crepidioides?
Ọ na-enye antioxidant, mgbochi mkpali, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, na ihe na-agwọ ọnya, nke ihe ọmụmụ sayensị kwadoro, ma nwee protein na mineral.
4. Enwere ike iji Crassocephalum crepidioides na nri anụmanụ?
Ee, ọmụmụ na-egosi na ọ nwere ike dochie ihe ruru 61.3% nke nri azụ na nri azụ na-enweghị emetụta uto, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye nri na-eri ọnụ.
5. Kedu ka Crassocephalum crepidioides si kwadebe maka oriri?
A na-eri akwụkwọ ya na ome ya dị ọhụrụ, eghe eghe, ma ọ bụ e ghere eghe, a na-etinyekarị ya na ofe, sauces, ma ọ bụ salad maka udidi ha.
6. Crassocephalum crepidioides nwere mmetụta ọ bụla?
Ọnụọgụ dị elu nwere ike ịkpata mmebi cellular n’ihi pyrrolizidine alkaloids, ya mere a na-atụ aro oriri na-edozi ahụ na ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-egbu egbu.
7. Ebee ka Crassocephalum crepidioides na-eto?
Ọ na-eme nke ọma na mpaghara okpomọkụ na ebe okpomọkụ, na-abụkarị n’ebe ndị dara ada ma ọ bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ma bụrụ obodo Africa ma gbasaa na Asia na mpaghara okpomọkụ ndị ọzọ.
8. Crassocephalum crepidioides nwere ike inye aka na ọrịa shuga?
Nnyocha na-egosi na mpụta ya nwere ike iwetulata glucose ọbara ma melite oke ọbara na oke ndị na-arịa ọrịa shuga, na-akwado ojiji ọdịnala ya maka njikwa ọrịa shuga.
Ị nwere ajụjụ, ntụnye ma ọ bụ onyinye ọ bụla? Ọ bụrụ otu a, biko nweere onwe gị iji igbe nkọwa n’okpuru kesaa echiche gị. Anyị na-agbakwa gị ume ka ị jiri obiọma kesaa ozi a n’etiti ndị ọzọ nwere ike irite uru na ya. Ebe ọ bụ na anyị enweghị ike ịgakwuru onye ọ bụla ozugbo, anyị nwere ekele maka enyemaka gị n’ịgbasa okwu ahụ. Daalụ nke ukwuu maka nkwado gị na maka ịkekọrịta!
Nkwuputa: Edemede a bụ naanị maka ebumnuche nkuzi na ozi. Uru ahụike akọwara sitere na nyocha sayensị na ihe ọmụma ọdịnala. Ha abụghị ndị nọchiri anya ndụmọdụ ahụike ọkachamara, nyocha, ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ. Gakwuru onye ọkachamara ahụike mgbe niile tupu iji ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwọ eke maka ebumnuche ahụike.
Gụkwuo: Ugbo Broccoli 101: Ndụmọdụ na usoro maka ihe ọkụkụ na-eme nke ọma