Boophone, iyo zwiḽwa sa Boophone disticha, ndi tshimela tshi takadzaho tshine tsha vha na pfuma nnzhi dzine dza shumiswa kha zwa ngalafho dze dza ḓivhiwa lwa maḓana a miṅwaha. Hetshi tshimela tshi konḓelelaho, tshine tsha dovha tsha ḓivhiwa sa “Vhuhathu ha Bushman” kana “Vhuswa ha Hottentot,” tshi na mbuyelo nnzhi dza mutakalo dzine dza ita uri tshi vhe tshishumiswa tsha ndeme kha ngalafho dza sialala.
Boophone i ḓihudza nga muvhala u vhambaho na bulbous une wa shuma sa ḓuvha ḽayo ḽa zwiṱiriyo zwa ndeme na zwiṱiringeli zwi itisaho mishumo. Bulb i khulwane nahone yo funwa nga matanda a papery ane a tsireledza na u vhulunga zwiṱiriyo zwa ndeme.
Maṱari a Boophone a lapfa nahone a fana na ṱanzi, a tshi bva kha bulb nga ho livhaho. Maṱari aya a nga fhambana nga vhulapfu, a swika kha sentimitha dza 60 kana u fhira, nahone a vha na muvhala wa muṱuku wo dzikaho une wa fhambana zwavhuḓi na fhethu ho mu tangaho.
Inflorescence i bva vhukati ha bulb, i tshi bveledza tshitanda tshilapfu na tshi konḓelelaho tshine tsha nga swika vhuṱondweni hoṱhe. Hetshi tshitanda tshi na thanda yo tsitsikanaho ya maluvha a re na zwidodombedzwa zwo raloho zwine zwa kokodzela maṱo. Maluvha a sumbedza mivhala yo fhambanaho, u bva kha pinks yo thukhukhaho u ya kha dzi-purple dzo dzikaho, a tshi engedza muvhala u vhonalaho kha tshiṱuhu tsha tshimela.
Maluvha a muthu nga eṱhe a Boophone a vha na muvhili wa dzi-petal dza rathi, dzi tshi vhumba tshivhumbeo tshi ngaho naledzi. Dzi-petal hedzi dzi tanga corona ya vhukati, ine kanzhi ya vha muvhala wo fhambanaho, zwi tshi engedza vhuvhaḓeli vhu vhonalaho ha tshimela.
Maluvha a Boophone ha ngo vha a tshi vhonala fhedzi, fhedzi a dovha a bvisa munukhelelo wo thukhukhaho na u kokodzaho, a tshi kokodzela pollinators na vha takalelaho ngauralo.
Boophone i hula zwavhuḓi kha miṱaheḓere yo omaho na yo dzikaho, kanzhi i wanala kha maḓakani, masavhanaha, na fhethu hu re na matombo. Vhukoni ha yone ha u konḓelela zwiimo zwi konḓaho ndi vhuṱanzi ha u konḓelela hayo.
Chirimwa ichi chinokwanisa kurarama kwenguva yakareba yekusanaya kwemvura, nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwayo hwekuchengeta mvura nezvinovaka muviri mukati mechidzitiro chayo. Uku kurarama kunoita kuti Boophone itumbuke kunyangwe munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Boophone ine kukosha kwetsika pakati penharaunda dzechivanhu. Chirimwa chave chichishandiswa mumitambo yechivanhu nemhemberero, kazhinji sechiratidzo chekudzivirira nekuporesa.
Maalkaloid ane chepfu anowanikwa muchidzitiro chechirimwa aimboshandiswa kuvhima, sezvo aigona kuiswa pamisoro yemiseve kuti aenze kana kunetesa mhuka.
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo kwechivanhu nekukosha kwezvakatipoteredza, Boophone inotarisana netyisidziro dzine chekuita nekukohwa zvakanyanya nekukanganiswa kwenzvimbo dzinogara.
Kuedza kuri kuitwa kusimudzira ruzivo nezvekuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi aya, tichitsigira maitiro akatsiga anochengetedza zvese chirimwa nenzvimbo yacho.
Hukoshi Hwezvokudya zveBoophone (Boophone disticha)
1. MaAlkaloid (Lycorine): Lycorine, alkaloid yakakurumbira, inoratidza analgesic uye inogona kurwisa gomarara asi ine chepfu mumiyero yakakwira, ichideredza kushandiswa kwayo kwezvokudya.
2. MaAlkaloid (Buphanidrine): Buphanidrine yakaratidza kuswedera pedyo nevatakuriki ve serotonin, zvichiratidza kushanda kwe antidepressant, kunyange isiri chinhu chinovaka muviri nekuda kwehuturu hwayo.
3. MaAlkaloid (Buphanamine): Iyi alkaloid inobatsira kune anxiolytic uye analgesic zvivakwa zvechirimwa, inoshandiswa kare kurwadziwa, asi haidyidzwe sechikafu.
4. MaAlkaloid (Distichamine): Distichamine ine antimicrobial uye inogona kurwisa gomarara, ichiwedzera kukosha kwechirimwa pane zvemishonga pane zvekudya.
5. Mishonga yePhenolic: Mishonga yePhenolics muBoophone disticha inopa simba re antioxidant, iro rinogona kudzivirira kukuvara kwemasero, kunyangwe isiri sosi huru yezvekudya.
6. Flavonoids: Flavonoids inobatsira mukurwisa kwe antioxidant uye anti-inflammatory yechirimwa, ichitsigira kushandiswa kwayo semushonga asi kwete kudyiwa.
7. Coumarins: Coumarins, inowanikwa muzvikamu zve bulb nemidzi, ine anticoagulant uye antimicrobial properties, inoshandiswa semushonga pane zvekudya.
8. Tannins: Tannins inopa astringent uye antimicrobial effects, inoshandiswa tsika kurapa maronda, asi haisi chikamu chakakosha chezvekudya.
9. Steroids: Steroids muBoophone disticha inogona kubatsira mukurwisa kwayo anti-inflammatory, kunyangwe basa rayo riri re pharmacological.
10. Terpenoids: Terpenoids, iripo muhuwandu hushoma, inogona kutsigira antimicrobial activity, asi semamwe makomponi, haishandiswe zvekudya nekuda kwehuturu hwechirimwa.
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Mabhenefiti Ehutano Hwemishonga yeBoophone (Boophone disticha)
1. Kubvisa Marwadzo: Boophone yakashandiswa kudzikamisa marwadzo, kusanganisira musoro, kurwadza kwemajoini, uye kurwadza kwetsandanyama. Maalkaloids muchirimwa ane analgesic properties anogona kupa nyaradzo kune avo vari kurwadziwa.
2. Zvinopesana Nokuzvimba: Kugona kuporesa kuzvimba kweBoophone kunoita kuti ive yakakosha mukurapa zvirwere zvinokonzeresa kuzvimba zvakaita searthritis uye kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekuzvimba.
3. Utano Hwehurongwa Hwekufema: Boophone yakashandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekufema akadai sekukosora, chando, uye kuvharika. Inogona kubatsira kudzikamisa nzira dzemhepo dzakatsamwa uye kukurudzira kufema kuri nyore.
4. Tsigiro Yekugaya: Mushonga wechinyakare unoshandisa Boophone kubatsira kugaya uye kudzikamisa matambudziko ekugaya senge kusagaya uye kuzvimba.
5. Kuporesa Kwemaronda: Zvivakwa zvekurapa zvemuti zvinowedzera mukuporesa maronda. Zvinyorwa zveBoophone zvakashandiswa pamusoro kuti zvikurudzire kuporesa kwekuchekwa, maronda, uye zvirwere zvematehwe.
6. Zvinopesana neMabhakitiriya: Boophone yakaratidza mhedzisiro yekuuraya mabhakitiriya pamusoro pemarudzi akasiyana emabhakitiriya, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera pakushandiswa kwayo kwechinyakare mukurapa zvirwere.
7. Kuderedza Fivha: Boophone yakashandiswa kuderedza fivha nekukurudzira kudikitira uye kubatsira nzira dzekuzvarwa dzekuderedza fivha mumuviri.
8. Tsigiro Yetsinga: Varapi vechinyakare vakashandisa Boophone kugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwetsinga, senge kuzvidya mwoyo uye kusagadzikana kwetsinga.
9. Utano hwemoyo: Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvinyorwa zveBoophone zvinogona kuve nezvibatsiro zvinogoneka kuutano hwemoyo nekutsigira mashandiro emwoyo.
10. Zvinopesana Nezvipembenene: Maalkaloids emuti akaongororwa nezvezvinhu zvawo zvinogona kurwisa zvipembenene, zvichiita kuti Boophone ive nyaya yekufarira mumunda weparasitology.
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Nzira dzekushandisa Kuti Uwane Mabhenefiti Ehutano Anopiwa neBoophone (Boophone disticha)
1. Kuvirisa: Kugadzira mutuvi kunosanganisira kufashaidza bulb rakaomeswa kana kuti idzva reBoophone mumvura kuti ubudise makomponi anobatsira. Nzira iyi inowanzoshandiswa kugadzira tii kana zvinwiwa zvinodziya.
Kuti ugadzire mutuvi weBoophone, tema kana kucheka bulb kuita zvidimbu zvidiki. Wedzera zvidimbu zvebulb muhari yemvura. Ita kuti mvura ifashaidze zvinyoro-nyoro woirega ichifashaira kwemaminitsi angangosvika 15-20. Seya mvura yacho woirega itonhore usati wainwa.
2. Tincture: Tincture mutuvi wakanyanya weBoophone unogona kunwiwa muzvikamu zvidiki. MaTincture anowanzoitwa nekushandisa doro kana musanganiswa wedoro nemvura. Kuti ugadzire tincture yeBoophone cheka kana kukuya bulb rakaomeswa reBoophone.
Isa bulb yakachekwa mugirazi. Wedzera doro (senge vodka kana brandy) kuti uvhare zvinhu zvemuriwo zvachose. Vhara chirongo zvakasimba worega chigaro panzvimbo inotonhorera, ine rima kwemavhiki akati wandei, uchichizunza zvinyoro-nyoro zuva nezuva.
Mushure menguva yekunyorovesa, sefa mvura woichinjisa kubhodhoro remadonhwe regirazi rakapendwa kuti uone nyore muyero.
3. Kushandisa Kunze: Pakuporesa maronda nezvinetso zveganda, mishonga inobva kuBoophone inogona kuiswa kunze. Zvisinei, chenjedzo inofanirwa kutorwa nekuda kwehuturu hwechirimwa. Kuti ushandise Boophone kunze, gadzira mushonga wekupakata kana mafuta ekuzora nekusanganisa hupfu hwebabu reBoophone nemafuta ekutakura kana chinhu chechisikigo.
Isa mushonga wekupakata kana mafuta ekuzora panzvimbo yakabatwa, uchiita chokwadi kuti haisangani nemaronda akazaruka. Tarisa ganda kuti uone zviratidzo zvakaipa uye usiye kushandisa kana kutsamwa kukaitika.
4. Mishonga Yechinyakare: Mune dzimwe tsika dzechinyakare, Boophone inogona kushandiswa munzira dzakati, sekuiisa mumishonga yemakwenzi kana kuisanganisa nemamwe makwenzi kugadzira migumisiro inobatsirana. Zvakakosha kutsvaga nhungamiro kubva kunyanzvi dzemishonga yemakwenzi dzine ruzivo kana vanachiremba vanoziva kushandiswa kwechinyakare.
5. Kufunga Nezve Muyero: Kurudziro yemuyero weBoophone inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai sehutano hwemunhu, zera, uye kunetseka kwehutano huri kugadziriswa.
Nekuda kwechimiro chehuturu hwechirimwa, zvakakosha kutanga nemiyero midiki kwazvo uye kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma sezvinodiwa uchinyatsoongorora kuti pane zviratidzo zvakaipa.
6. Nhungamiro Yenyanzvi: Tichifunga nezvehuturu hunogona kuitika hweBoophone, zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya kubvunza chiremba ane hunyanzvi kana nyanzvi yemishonga yemakwenzi usati waishandisa kune zvinangwa zvekurapa. Vanogona kupa zano rakagadzirirwa pahutano hwako uye kukutungamirira pakushandiswa kwakachengeteka uye kunobudirira.
Uchapupu Hwesainzi uye Ongororo dzeNyaya paBoophone (Boophone disticha)
1. Mushonga weMaAntioxidant neAnicancer: Tonisi et al. (2020) Tonisi, S., Okaiyeto, K., Mabinya, L. V., & Okoh, A. I. vakaongorora zvikamu zvemagirobhu (chloroform, acetone, ethanol) kubva kuEastern Cape, South Africa. Zvikamu zvacho zvakaratidza mushonga wakakura we antioxidant pamusoro peDPPH, ABTS, hydrogen peroxide, uye nitric oxide radicals, nekudzivirira kwakaenderana nedosi. Vakaratidzawo cytotoxicity kurwisa HeLa cells (IC50: 1.5–1.9 µg/mL), zvichiratidza mukana se mushonga we anticancer.
2. Mishonga Inouraya Utachiona (Cheesman et al., 2012): Cheesman, L., Nair, J. J., & van Staden, J. vakaedza zvikamu zvegirobhu re ethanolic ndokuwana mishonga inorwisa methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, zvichitsigira kushandiswa kwechinyakare kurapa maronda. Chidzidzo chacho chakazivikanwa crinane alkaloids se buphanidrine sevanopa vakuru kune mishonga inouraya utachiona.
3. Mushonga Unoderedza Kuzvidya Mwoyo (Pote et al., 2018): Pote, W., Tagwireyi, D., & Gadaga, L. L. vakaongorora chikamu chegirobhu re hydroethanolic mumakonzo eBALB/c. Pa 10 mg/kg, chikamu chacho chakaratidza mishonga yakakura yekuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo mumuedzo wakakwirira we plus maze, zvichienzaniswa ne diazepam, zvichitsigira kushandiswa kwacho kwechinyakare kune mamiriro ane chekuita nekuzvidya mwoyo.
4. Mishumo Inodzivisa Kuora Mwoyo (Bonokwane et al., 2023): Bonokwane, M. B., Lekhooa, M., Struwig, M., & Aremu, A. O. vakawana kuti mishonga inotorwa muBoophone disticha inowedzera kushanda kwe brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) nekudzikisa huwandu hwemushonga we corticosterone mumakonzo akaiswa mukushushikana kwekusvetuka kwakasungirirwa, zvichiratidza mishumo yakafanana neyekudzivisa kuora mwoyo kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwe serotonin transporter.
5. Kukwezva kweSerotonin Transporter (Neergaard et al., 2009): Neergaard, J. S., Andersen, J., & Stafford, G. I. vakaona buphanidrine nebuphanamine mumishonga inotorwa muguri, zvichiratidza kukwezva kwe serotonin transporter (SERT) mukuyedzwa kwekukwezva, zvichiratidza mukana wekurapa kuzvidya mwoyo nekuora mwoyo.
Mhedzisiro Yekushandisa Muti weBoophone Une Mishonga
1. Muchetura: Boophone ine maalkaloid, kusanganisira buphanidrine nebuphanisine, izvo zvinogona kuva nemuchetura muhuwandu hwakawanda. Kudya kana kushandisa huwandu hukuru hweBoophone kunogona kutungamirira kuhupfu uye matambudziko makuru ehutano. Mhedzisiro ine muchetura inonyanya kukanganisa hurongwa hwekugaya, tsinga, uye moyo.
2. Nausea neKurutsa: Kudya Boophone muhuwandu hwakanyanya kana pasina kugadzirira kwakakodzera kunogona kukonzera nausea nekurutsa. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuperekedzwa nekusagadzikana kwemudumbu uye kusagadzikana kwegastrointestinal.
3. Manyoka uye Kurwadziwa Kwemudumbu: Kudya Boophone muhuwandu hune chepfu kunogona kukonzera manyoka, zvigaro zvisina kusimba, uye kurwadziwa mudumbu. Makomponi ane chepfu emuti anogona kutsamwisa nzira yekugaya, zvichitungamira kune zvirwere zvekugaya.
4. Mhedzisiro yeCardiovascular: Maalkaloid eBoophone anogona kuve nemhedzisiro pahurongwa hwemwoyo, zvinogona kukonzera kurova kwemoyo kusina kujairika, kuwedzera kurova kwemoyo, uye shanduko muropa. Iyi mhedzisiro inogona kuva nenjodzi uye inogona kuda kurapwa.
5. Mhedzisiro yeNervous System: Magayidhi ane chepfu eBoophone anogona kukanganisa nervous system, zvichitungamira kuzviratidzo zvakadai sekudzoka-dzoka, kuvhiringidzika, uye kunyange kubatwa muzviitiko zvakakomba. Kuchenjerera kwakanyanya kunodiwa pakushandisa Boophone, kunyanya kana uine nhoroondo yezvirwere zvemuuropi.
6. Kutsvuka Kweganda: Kushandiswa kwenzvimbo yezvinyorwa zveBoophone kunogona kukonzera kutsamwa kweganda, kutsvuka, uye kukwenya, kunyanya muvanhu vane ganda rinonzwa. Zvakakosha kuita bvunzo yechigamba usati washandisa zvigadzirwa zveBoophone kunzvimbo huru dzeganda.
7. Maitiro eAllergic: Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vachirwara nezvimwe zvikamu zveBoophone. Maitiro eAllergic anogona kuratidzika sezvirwere zvepachiganda, makungu, kuzvimba, uye zviratidzo zvekufema sekushaya simba kwekufema.
8. Pamuviri Nekuyamwisa: Vakadzi vane pamuviri nekuyamwisa vanofanira kudzivisa kushandisa Boophone nekuda kwengozi dzinogona kuitika dzine chekuita nemakomponi ayo ane chepfu. Mhedzisiro yemuti pamakumbo ari kukura nema vacheche hainyatsonzwisiswi uye inogona kukonzera kutyisidzira kukuru kwehutano.
9. Kushandisa Mishonga Pamwe Chete: Makemikari eBoophone anogona kukanganisa mamwe mishonga, kusanganisira iyo inokanganisa mwoyo, tsinga, kana chiropa. Zvakakosha kubvunza chiremba usati washandisa Boophone nemimwe mishonga yauri kunwa.
10. Kusiyana Kwekugona Kunzwa: Kugona kunzwa kwevanhu kuBoophone kunogona kusiyana. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuwana matambudziko kunyangwe nemishonga mishoma, nepo vamwe vachigona kutsungirira mari yakawanda pasina zviratidzo zvekukurumidza. Zvakakosha kusvika chirimwa nekuchenjerera uye kuremekedza hunhu hwacho hwehuturu.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo Bvunzwa nezve Boophone disticha (Century Plant/Ruva Rweziso Rinorwadza)
1. Boophone disticha yakachengeteka here kuti idyiwe senzira yekuwana zvinovaka muviri?
Kwete, Boophone disticha haina kuchengeteka kuti idyiwe sechikafu nekuda kwehuturu hwayo hwakanyanya. Chirimwa chacho chine makemikari akadai selycorine nebuphanidrine, izvo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru kana zvikamedzwa nemuromo. Inonyanya kushandiswa mumishonga yechivanhu pasi pemamiriro akadzorwa.
2. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinonyanya kushanda muBoophone disticha?
Chirimwa chacho chine makemikari (lycorine, buphanidrine, buphanamine, distichamine), phenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, steroids, uye terpenoids. Izvi zvinokonzera zvinhu zvayo zvekurapa, zvakadai sekudzivirira oxidation uye antibacterial effects, asi hazvina zvinovaka muviri.
3. Boophone disticha inogona kushandiswa kurapa hutachiona here?
Hongu, zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti ethanolic bulb extracts ine antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, ichitsigira kushandiswa kwayo kwechivanhu kurapa maronda uye hutachiona.
4. Ko va Boophone disticha iwana mabatsiriro e antioxidant?
Hongu, tsvagiridzo yakawana kuti zvinhu zvinotorwa muguri rinoratidza kushanda kwakasimba kwe antioxidant kurwisa marwadza akadai seDPPH neABTS, izvo zvingabatsira kuderedza kushushikana kwe oxidative nekudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemasero.
5. Ko Boophone disticha inoshanda here kune mamiriro ehutano hwepfungwa?
Tsvagiridzo, yakadai se inoratidza kuti Boophone disticha ine anxiolytic uye antidepressant-like effects mumamodeli emhuka, ichitsigira kushandiswa kwayo kwechivanhu kune zvirwere zvekuzvidya mwoyo uye zvinokonzerwa nekushungurudzika.
6. Pane mabatsiro api neapi ane chekuita negomarara eBoophone disticha?
Zvinhu zvinotorwa muguri zvine cytotoxic effects kurwisa masero eHeLa, zvichiratidza zvimiro zvingangove zvinorwisa gomarara, kunyangwe tsvagiridzo yakawedzerwa ichidikanwa kusimbisa mashandisirwo ekiriniki.
7. Sei Boophone disticha isingashandiswe sechikafu chekuwedzera?
Nekuda kwe toxic alkaloids yayo, yakadai selycorine nebuphanidrine, Boophone disticha haina kukodzera sechikafu chekuwedzera. Mashandisirwo ayo echivanhu ekurapa anosanganisira kushandiswa kwekunze kana madhiri anodzorwa, sezvo kumedzwa nemuromo kunogona kutungamirira kuhupfu.
8. Ndezvipi zvinhu zvekuchenjerera zvinofanirwa kutorwa kana uchishandisa Boophone disticha semushonga?
Nekuda kwehuturu hwayo, inofanira kushandiswa chete pasi pehutungamiri hwehunyanzvi. Zvidzidzo zvinosimbisa kudiwa kwekubata zvakanaka, sezvo alkaloids inogona kukonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa kana ikashandiswa zvisina kunaka, kunyanya mukugadzirira kwemuromo.
Mu na mibvunzo, mazano, kana zvamungada kuwedzera here? Kana zvakadaro, inzwa wakasununguka kushandisa bhokisi rekutaura riri pazasi kuti ugoverane zvaunofunga. Tinokukurudziraiwo kuti mugovane ruzivo urwu nevamwe vangabatsirwe narwo. Sezvo tisingakwanisi kusvika kune wese munhu kamwechete, tinokutendai zvikuru nerubatsiro rwenyu mukuparadzira shoko. Tinokutendai zvikuru nerutsigiro rwenyu uye nekugovana kwenyu!
Disclaimer: Chinyorwa chino ndechezvinangwa zvedzidzo uye zvekupa ruzivo chete. Mabhenefiti ehutano anotsanangurwa akavakirwa pakutsvagisa kwesainzi neruzivo rwechinyakare. Hazvisi kutsiva zano rekurapa nyanzvi, kuongororwa, kana kurapwa. Nguva dzose bvunza nyanzvi yezvehutano usati washandisa miriwo chero ipi zvayo kana mushonga wechisikigo kune zvinangwa zvekurapa.
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