Common wheat, scientifically known as Triticum aestivum, is a cereal grain that is widely cultivated for its seeds, which are used for making flour and various food products.
While common wheat is primarily known for its role in the culinary world, it does not possess significant medicinal properties like many traditional medicinal plants. However, it does offer some nutritional benefits.
Common wheat is a member of the Poaceae family and is one of the most widely grown and important cereal crops globally. It is an annual grass that typically reaches a height of 2 to 4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters). The plant consists of several main parts.
Common wheat has a fibrous root system that helps anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients from the soil.
The stems, or culms, are hollow and cylindrical. They support the leaves and the reproductive structures.
The leaves are long, narrow, and typically alternate along the stem. They have parallel venation, which is a common characteristic of grasses.
Ubaxyada qamadiga waa qaab-dhismeed adag oo loo yaqaan ‘spike’. Ubaxyadu waxay ka samaysan yihiin dhowr spikelets, mid walbana wuxuu ka kooban yahay ubaxyo badan. Ubaxyadu waa meesha ay ka soo baxaan miraha qamadiga.
Midhaha, oo badanaa loo yaqaan qamadiga, waxay ka soo baxaan ugxan-sidaha bacriminta ee ubaxa. Midhahan waa qaybta la cuni karo ee geedka waxaana loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameeyo bur loogu talagalay cuntooyinka kala duwan.
Akhri Sidoo kale: Hagaha Korinta iyo Daryeelka Cawska Paspalum (Paspalum))
Faa’iidooyinka Caafimaadka Daawada ee Qamadiga Caadiga ah (Triticum Aestivum)
1. Faybarka Cuntada ee Caafimaadka DheefshiidkaQamadiga waxaa ku jira faybar cunto, kaas oo caawiya dheefshiidka, ka hortaga calool istaagga, isla markaana taageera mindhicirka caafimaadka qaba. Faybarku wuxuu ku daraa saxarada tiro badan, taasoo sahlaysa dhaqdhaqaaqeeda mindhicirrada.
Cunista badeecooyinka qamadiga oo dhan, sida rootiga qamadiga oo dhan ama baastada, waxay kordhin kartaa qaadashada faybarkaaga waxayna kor u qaadi kartaa dhaqdhaqaaqa mindhicirka ee joogtada ah.
2. Isha TamartaQamadigu waa isha ugu muhiimsan ee karbohaydraytyada, taasoo siisa tamar hawlaha maalinlaha ah iyo hawlaha jidhka. Kaarboohaydraytyadu waa isha shidaalka ee ugu muhiimsan jirka.
Quraac qamadi dhan ah ama rooti rooti ah oo hadhuudh dhan ah ayaa bixin kara tamar joogto ah subaxdii oo dhan.
3. Fiitamiinada B ee Dheef-shiid kiimikaadkaQamadiga waxaa ku jira fiitamiinno kala duwan oo B ah, oo ay ku jiraan thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3) iyo folate (B9), kuwaas oo muhiim u ah dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, soo saarista tamarta, iyo caafimaadka habdhiska neerfaha.
Ku darista cuntooyinka qamadiga ku salaysan cuntadaada waxay kaa caawin kartaa inaad hesho noocyo kala duwan oo fiitamiin B ah oo taageera shaqooyinka jirkaaga.
4. Macdanta ku jirta Caafimaadka LafahaQamadiga waxaa ku jira macdano sida magnesium, kaas oo muhiim u ah caafimaadka lafaha iyo hababka kala duwan ee jirka.
Cunista cuntooyinka qamadiga ku salaysan oo qayb ka ah cunto dheellitiran ayaa gacan ka geysata qaadashada maalinlaha ah ee magnesium, taasoo taageerta lafaha xooggan.
5. Borotiin ku salaysan dhirtaQamadiga waxaa ku jira borotiin, inkastoo tayada borotiinkiisu aysan la mid ahayn ilo kale oo gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wali waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa qaadashada borotiinka guud ahaan, gaar ahaan marka lagu daro ilo kale oo borotiin ah.
Isku darka cuntooyinka qamadiga ku salaysan iyo digiraha (digirta, misirka) waxay abuuri kartaa cunto borotiin dhammaystiran, taasoo jidhka siinaysa asiidhyo amino oo muhiim ah.
6. Antioxidants iyo Phytochemicals: In kasta oo uusan hodan ku ahayn sida miraha iyo khudaarta, haddana qamadiga waxaa ku jira qaar ka mid ah antioxidants-ka iyo phytochemicals-ka kuwaas oo leh faa’iidooyin caafimaad oo suurtagal ah..
Cunista badeecooyinka qamadiga oo dhan, sida badarka qamadiga oo dhan, waxay ku dartaa xaddi yar oo ah antioxidants cuntadaada.
Hababka Loo Isticmaalo Si Loo Gaaro Faa’iidooyinka Caafimaad Ee La Bixiyay Ee Qamadiga Caadiga Ah
Waa kan sida aad u isticmaali karto qamadiga caadiga ah si aad u hesho faa’iidooyin caafimaad oo gaar ah:
1. Faybarka Cuntada ee Caafimaadka Dheefshiidka: Si aad uga faa’iidaysato heerka faybarka qamadiga si aad u hagaajiso dheefshiidka. Dooro badeecooyinka qamadiga oo dhan. Dooro rootiga qamadiga oo dhan, baastada qamadiga oo dhan, ama bariis bunni ah halkii aad ka isticmaali lahayd badar la safeeyey..
Badeecooyinkani waxay hayaan bran iyo jeermis, kuwaas oo hodan ku ah faybarka. Kordhi qaadashada khudaarta iyo miraha. Ku dar khudaarta iyo miraha hodanka ku ah faybarka oo ay weheliyaan cuntooyinka qamadiga ku salaysan si kor loogu qaado caafimaadka dheefshiidka.
2. Isha Tamarta: Si aad u isticmaasho sarreenka karbohaydraytyada tamarta siiya. Ku bilow maalintaada quraacda qamadiga ku salaysan. Dooro badarka hadhuudhka oo dhan, boorashka ama rootiga qamadiga oo dhan si aad u hesho tamar joogto ah subaxdii oo dhan. Ku dar sarreenka cuntooyinka dheelitiran. Ku dar cuntooyinka qamadiga ku salaysan si aad u hesho ilo tamar oo joogto ah maalinta oo dhan.
3. Fiitamiinada B ee Dheef-shiid kiimikaadka: Si aad u hubiso inaad ka faa’iideysaneyso fitamiinada qamadiga B. Isticmaal noocyo kala duwan oo sarreen ah. Rootiga, baastada iyo badarka laga sameeyay qamadiga ayaa gacan ka geysan kara qaadashada fitamiin B-gaaga..
Ku dar ilo borotiin caato ah Isku darka qamadiga iyo ilaha borotiinka caatada ah sida digaagga, kalluunka ama digirta waxay bixin kartaa sahay fiitamiin B ah oo dhammaystiran.
4. Macdanta ku jirta Caafimaadka Lafaha: Si loo taageero caafimaadka lafaha iyada oo loo marayo macdanta sarreenka. Dooro miraha oo dhan. Dooro waxyaabaha qamadiga oo dhan halkii aad ka dooran lahayd noocyo la safeeyey si loo hubiyo inaad hesho macdanta ugu badan. Ku dar cuntooyinka hodanka ku ah kalsiyum.
Cuntada qamadiga ku salaysan ku dar caanaha ama caanaha dhirta lagu xoojiyay si aad u kordhiso kalsiyum iyo magnesium.
5. Borotiin ku salaysan dhirta: Si aad uga faa’iidaysato borotiinka sarreenka. Isku dar borotiinnada dheeraadka ah. Ku dar sarreenka digirta (digirta, misirta), lawska, iniinyaha ama waxyaabaha caanaha laga sameeyo si aad u abuurto cunto borotiin dhammaystiran. Sahamin cuntooyinka ku salaysan sarreenka. Raadi cuntooyinka si hal-abuur leh isugu dara sarreenka iyo ilo kale oo borotiin ah.
6. Antioxidants iyo Phytochemicals: Si loogu daro antioxidants-ka sarreenka iyo phytochemicals-ka. Dooro miraha oo dhan. Dooro waxyaabaha qamadiga oo dhan halkii aad ka dooran lahayd miraha la safeeyey si aad u kordhiso joogitaanka antioxidants-ka iyo phytochemicals-ka. Ku raaxayso cuntooyinka midabada leh.
Isku dar suxuunta qamadiga ku salaysan iyo noocyo kala duwan oo miro iyo khudaar midab leh si kor loogu qaado qaadashada guud ee antioxidant-ka.
Akhri Sidoo kale: Arrimaha Kala Duwan ee Samaynta Carrada
Saamaynta Dhinacyada Isticmaalka Warshadda Daawada Qamadiga ee Caadiga ah
1. Xasaasiyadda Gluten iyo Cudurka CeliacQamadiga waxaa ku jira gluten, borotiin keeni kara falcelin xun oo ku dhacda dadka qaba xasaasiyadda gluten ama cudurka celiac. Cudurka Celiac waa cudur ku dhaca difaaca jirka kaas oo isticmaalka gluten uu keeno dhaawac ku dhaca xiidmaha yar..
Xitaa xaddi yar oo gluten ah ayaa kicin kara calaamadaha sida xanuunka caloosha, bararka, shubanka, iyo daalka dadka qaba xaaladahan.
2. Falcelinta Xasaasiyadda: In kasta oo xasaasiyadda qamadiga ay ka yar tahay xasaasiyadda gluten, haddana dadka qaar ayaa laga yaabaa inay la kulmaan falcelin xasaasiyadeed oo ku saabsan borotiinnada qamadiga. Calaamaduhu waxay u dhexeeyaan finan khafiif ah iyo cuncun ilaa falcelin aad u daran sida neefsashada oo adkaata iyo anaphylaxis.
3. Arrimaha dheefshiidka: Dadka qaar waxay la kulmi karaan raaxo la’aan dheefshiidka, sida gaas, calool xanuun ama calool istaag, marka ay cunaan xaddi badan oo ah badeecooyin qamadi ama sarreen ah. Tani waxay sabab u noqon kartaa maadada faybarka ama isku-dhafka kale ee ku jira qamadiga.
4. Isku dheelitir la’aanta Nafaqada: Ku tiirsanaanta cuntada qamadiga ku salaysan oo laga reebo ilaha kale ee nafaqada waxay keeni kartaa dheelitir la’aan cuntadaada. Waa muhiim inaad cunto cuntooyin kala duwan si aad u hubiso inaad helayso nafaqooyin kala duwan.
5. Shubanka Dhiigga: Badeecooyinka qamadiga ee la safeeyey, sida rootiga cad iyo badarka sonkorta leh, waxay keeni karaan kor u kac degdeg ah oo ku yimaada heerarka sonkorta dhiigga sababtoo ah tusmada glycemic-ka ee sareysa. Tani waxay noqon kartaa walaac ku saabsan shakhsiyaadka qaba sonkorowga ama kuwa isku dayaya inay maareeyaan heerarka sonkorta dhiiggooda.
6. Miisaanka oo kordhaCunista xad dhaafka ah ee badeecooyinka qamadiga ee la safeeyey oo kaloori badan leh iyo nafaqooyin yar ayaa gacan ka geysan kara kordhinta miisaanka iyo cayilka haddii aan si dhexdhexaad ah loo cunin.
7. Isdhexgalka DaawadaHaddii aad qaadato daawooyin gaar ah, gaar ahaan kuwa saameeya heerarka sonkorta dhiigga ama dheef-shiid kiimikaadka, waa fikrad wanaagsan inaad la tashato xirfadle daryeel caafimaad oo ku saabsan sida isticmaalka qamadiga uu ula falgalo daawadaada.
8. Waxyaabaha ka hortaga nafaqooyinkaQamadiga waxaa ku jira iskudhisyo loo yaqaan antinutrients, sida phytic acid, kuwaas oo faragelin kara nuugista macdanaha qaarkood sida zinc, iron iyo calcium. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saameynta antinutrients-kan badanaa waa mid aad u yar marka la eego cunto dheellitiran.
Qiimaha Nafaqada ee Triticum Aestivum (Shumaca Caadiga ah)
1. Kaarboohaydraytyo: Qamadiga caadiga ah wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay kaarboohaydraytyo (qiyaastii 70-75% hadhuudhka oo dhan), taasoo bixisa ilo tamar oo muhiim ah, iyadoo karbohaydraytyo isku dhafan ay ku jiraan qamadiga oo dhan ay ka caawinayaan sii deynta tamar joogto ah.
2. Faybarka Cuntada: Qamadiga oo dhan wuxuu ka kooban yahay faybar muhiim ah (10-12 g 100 g kasta), kor u qaadida caafimaadka dheefshiidka, nidaaminta sonkorta dhiigga, iyo taageeridda caafimaadka wadnaha iyadoo la dhimayo kolestaroolka.
3. Borotiin: Badarka qamadiga ah wuxuu bixiyaa 10-15% borotiin, oo ay ku jirto gluten, kaas oo taageera hagaajinta murqaha iyo koritaanka, inkastoo uusan dhammaystirnayn oo uusan lahayn asiidhyo amino ah oo muhiim ah.
4. Fiitamiinada B: Qamadiga oo hodan ku ah fiitamiinnada B sida thiamine (B1), niacin (B3), iyo folate (B9), wuxuu taageeraa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka tamarta, shaqada neerfaha, iyo qaybinta unugyada.
5. Bir: Qamadiga oo dhan wuxuu ka kooban yahay bir (qiyaastii 2.5 mg 100 g kasta), taasoo lagama maarmaan u ah rarista oksijiinta dhiigga iyo ka hortagga dhiig-yaraanta, inkastoo helitaanka noolaha uu ka hooseeyo ilaha dhirta.
6. Magnesium: Iyada oo qiyaastii 130 mg 100 g oo sarreen ah, magnesium wuxuu taageeraa shaqada murqaha, caafimaadka lafaha, iyo wax soo saarka tamarta.
7. Zinc: Qamadigu wuxuu bixiyaa zinc (qiyaastii 2.6 mg 100 g kasta), kaas oo kor u qaada shaqada difaaca jirka, taageera bogsashada nabarrada, wuxuuna ka caawiyaa sameynta DNA-da.
8. Fosfooraska: Macdantan (qiyaastii 350 mg 100 g) ee sarreenka waxay taageertaa caafimaadka lafaha, soo saarista tamarta, iyo qaab-dhismeedka xuubka unugyada.
9. Isku-dhafka Fenolic: Qamadiga oo dhan wuxuu ka kooban yahay asiidhyada phenolic, kuwaas oo u shaqeeya sidii antioxidants, oo yareeya walbahaarka oksaydhka isla markaana yareyn kara khatarta cudurrada daba-dheeraada sida kansarka.
10. Seleniyam: Xaddiga raadadka selenium (ilaa 70 mcg 100 g kasta) ee qamadiga ku jira ayaa taageera shaqada qanjirka thyroid waxayna bixiyaan difaac ka-hortagga oksaydhka oo ka dhan ah waxyeelada unugyada.
Caddeynta Sayniska iyo Daraasadaha Kiiska ee Triticum Aestivum
1. Slavin iwm. (2001): Slavin iwm. dib u eegis ku sameeyay faa’iidooyinka caafimaad ee qamadiga oo dhan, iyadoo la ogaaday in faybarkiisa iyo isku-dhafka phenolic-ga ay yareeyaan khatarta cudurrada wadnaha iyo inay hagaajiyaan caafimaadka mindhicirka iyagoo kor u qaadaya bakteeriyada faa’iidada leh ee mindhicirka.
2. Liu et al. (2010): Liu iwm. Daraasad ay samaysay ayaa muujinaysa in isticmaalka qamadiga oo dhan uu wanaajiyay xasaasiyadda insulin ee dadka waaweyn ee cayilan, taasoo soo jeedinaysa door ka mid ah ka hortagga sonkorowga sababtoo ah faybarkiisa iyo isku-darka noolaha.
3. Aune iwm. (2016): Aune iwm. waxay sameeyeen falanqayn meta-falanqayn ah oo isku xiraysa qaadashada sarreenka oo dhan oo sareysa iyo khatarta yar ee kansarka mindhicirka, taasoo u aanaynaysa faybarkeeda, antioxidants-ka, iyo sifooyinka ka hortagga bararka.
Su’aalaha Badiya La Weydiiyo ee ku saabsan Triticum Aestivum
1. Waa maxay Triticum Aestivum?
Triticum aestivum, ama sarreenka caadiga ah, waa badar firiley ah waana cuntada ugu muhiimsan adduunka, oo loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro burka rootiga, baastada, iyo cuntooyinka kale.
2. Sidee buu sarreenka oo dhan uga duwan yahay sarreenka la safeeyey?
Qamadiga oo dhan waxaa ka mid ah bran, jeermiska, iyo endosperm, oo ilaaliya faybarka, fiitamiinnada, iyo macdanta, halka sarreenka la safeeyey (bur cad) uu ka maqan yahay bran iyo jeermis, taasoo yareyneysa qiimaha nafaqada.
3. Waa maxay faa’iidooyinka caafimaad ee Triticum aestivum?
Qamadiga oo dhan wuxuu taageeraa caafimaadka wadnaha, wuxuu hagaajiyaa dheefshiidka, wuxuu ka caawiyaa xakamaynta sonkorta dhiigga, wuxuuna yareyn karaa khatarta kansarka mindhicirka sababtoo ah faybarkiisa iyo antioxidants-kiisa.
4. Triticum aestivum ma u badbaado qof walba?
Waa ammaan badan, laakiin kuwa qaba cudurka celiac ama xasaasiyadda gluten waa inay ka fogaadaan sababtoo ah maadada gluten. La tasho bixiye daryeel caafimaad haddii aadan hubin.
5. Sidee loo isticmaalaa Triticum aestivum cuntooyinka?
Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii rooti qamadi dhan ah, baasto, badar, ama bur marka la dubayo, taasoo bixisa tamar iyo nafaqooyin marka lagu daro cunto dheellitiran.
6. Can Triticum aestivum help with weight management?
Faybarka sare ee sarreenka oo dhan wuxuu kor u qaadaa dhereg, taasoo suurtogal ah inay gacan ka geysato xakamaynta miisaanka marka ay qayb ka tahay cunto kaloori lagu xakameeyo, sida ay cilmi-baaristu taageertay.
7. Xaggee lagu beeraa Triticum aestivum?
Waxaa lagu beeraa adduunka oo dhan gobollada cimilada qabow, oo ay ku jiraan Waqooyiga Ameerika, Yurub, Aasiya, iyo Australia, iyadoo ku kobcaysa carrada si fiican loo daadiyay.
8. Ma jiraan khataro la xiriira Triticum aestivum?
Isticmaalka xad-dhaafka ah ee qamadiga la safeeyey wuxuu kordhin karaa sonkorta dhiigga. Qamadiga oo dhan waa mid caafimaad qaba laakiin waa in si dhexdhexaad ah loo cunaa si loo helo nafaqo dheellitiran.
Ma haysaa wax su’aalo ah, talooyin ah, ama wax ku darsi ah? Haddii ay sidaas tahay, fadlan xor u noqo inaad isticmaasho sanduuqa faallooyinka ee hoose si aad fikradahaaga ula wadaagto. Waxaan sidoo kale kugu dhiirigelinaynaa inaad si naxariis leh ula wadaagto macluumaadkan kuwa kale ee ka faa’iideysan kara. Maadaama aanan qof walba isla markiiba gaari karin, runtii waan kaaga mahadcelineynaa caawintaada faafinta warka. Aad baan uga mahadcelinayaa taageeradaada iyo la wadaagistaada!
Afeef: Maqaalkani waa ujeeddooyin waxbarasho iyo macluumaad oo keliya. Faa’iidooyinka caafimaad ee la sharraxay waxay ku salaysan yihiin cilmi-baaris cilmiyeed iyo aqoon dhaqameed. Ma aha beddel talo caafimaad oo xirfad leh, ogaanshaha, ama daaweynta. Had iyo jeer la tasho xirfadle daryeel caafimaad ka hor intaadan u isticmaalin wax daawo dhir ah ama daawo dabiici ah ujeeddooyin caafimaad.
Akhri Sidoo kale: 14 Sababood oo Caafimaad leh oo loo Cuno Cambaha