I-Strophanthus amboensis, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Amboensis Climber iyisivini esimangalisayo esinokhuni esingowomndeni we-Apocynaceae. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa ezahlukahlukene. I-Strophanthus amboensis itholakala ezindaweni ezithile ezishisayo futhi idonsele ukunaka ngenxa yezici zayo ezihlukile zezitshalo.
Lo mvini ubonisa umkhuba wokukhula ngokukhuphuka, usebenzisa amahlumela awo amancane ukuze akhuphuke futhi azungeze izakhiwo ezisekelayo. Iziqu zezitshalo ziqinile kodwa ziyaguquguquka, okuvumela ukuthi zikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene. I-Strophanthus amboensis ingafinyelela ukuphakama okumangalisayo, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo endaweni yayo yemvelo.
Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zeStrophanthus amboensis amaqabunga ayo amise okwenhliziyo. Lawa maqabunga ayacwebezela futhi anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, anomthambo ophakathi ogqamile owela phansi maphakathi. Amaqabunga ahlelwe abhekene eceleni kwesiqu, akha iphethini elilinganayo.
Izimbali ze-Strophanthus amboensis ezimise okwecilongo ziyamangalisa ngempela. Lezi zimbali zibonisa ububanzi bemibala kusukela kopinki okhanyayo kuya komhlophe, zengeza ubuhle ekubukekeni kwezitshalo. Izimbali zinesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, ezinamacembe amahlanu avulekayo, eveza amaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nesakhiwo esifana neshubhu eliphakathi. Lezi zimbali azigcini nje ngokufaka isandla ebuhleni bezitshalo kodwa futhi zinokubaluleka kwezokwelapha.
I-Strophanthus amboensis ikhiqiza ama-capsule ezithelo ahlukile. Lawa ma-capsule amade futhi aqukethe imbewu enezicucu zemicu efana nosilika ezisiza ekusabalaleni komoya. Isakhiwo sama-capsule sisiza isu lokuzala kwezitshalo, siqinisekise ukusabalala kwezinto zaso zofuzo.
I-Strophanthus amboensis ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo ngenhlanganisela efanele yokukhanya kwelanga, umswakama, kanye nenhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle. Ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi nasemaphethelweni ezindawo ezivulekile, isebenzisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo kahle ngenkathi izuza ekuvikelweni kwezitshalo ezinde.
Ngaphandle kwezici zayo zezitshalo, i-Strophanthus amboensis ibaluleke kakhulu ngamasiko nangokwesiko ezindaweni ezithile. Isetshenziswe emikhosini nasemikhosini, okugcizelela indima yayo emikhubeni nasezinkolelweni zendawo.
Ukuqonda incazelo yezitshalo zeStrophanthus amboensis kunikeza ukuqonda ngamaphethini okukhula kwayo, izici zayo ezihlukile, kanye nezindawo zemvelo ezikuyo. Lolu lwazi lusebenza njengesisekelo sokuqonda izakhiwo zayo zokwelapha kanye nokusetshenziswa okungenzeka emikhubeni yokwelapha yendabuko.
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Izinzuzo Zempilo Yezokwelapha zeStrophanthus amboensis (Amboensis Climber)
1. Impilo Yenhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi: I-Strophanthus amboensis yaziwa ngemiphumela yayo emihle ohlelweni lwezinhliziyo. Iqukethe izinto ezingasiza ekulawuleni isigqi senhliziyo futhi ithuthukise impilo yenhliziyo iyonke.
2. Ukulawulwa Komfutho Wegazi: Kukholelwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinezakhiwo ezingasiza ekulawuleni amazinga omfutho wegazi. Singasiza ekwandiseni imithambo yegazi, sikhuthaze ukugeleza kwegazi okubushelelezi.
3. Okunye Okuhlukile Kwedijithali: I-Strophanthus amboensis ibhekwe njengenye indlela esikhundleni sesitshalo se-digitalis ngenxa yokuthi inamandla okuthuthukisa ukufinyela kwenhliziyo. Kodwa-ke, isiqondiso esifanele sezokwelapha sibalulekile ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa ngalezi zinhloso.
4. Ukusekelwa Kokuphefumula: Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kusikisela ukuthi lesi sitshalo singase sibe nezinzuzo zokuphefumula. Singasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zezimo ezifana ne-asthma kanye ne-bronchitis.
5. Izakhiwo Zokuhlunguphaza: Eminye imikhuba yendabuko isebenzisa i-Strophanthus amboensis ngenxa yemiphumela yayo engaba khona yokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu obuncane kanye nokungakhululeki.
6. Imiphumela Yokulwa Nokuvuvukala: Ama-compound atholakala kulesi sitshalo angase abe nezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, okwenza kube ikhambi elingase libe khona lezinkinga ezihlobene nokuvuvukala.
7. Usizo Lokugaya Ukudla: I-Strophanthus amboensis ingaba nendima ekusekeleni impilo yokugaya ukudla. Ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla nokukhuthaza ukugaya ukudla okungcono.
8. Umsebenzi Wokulwa Nokusha Kwe-Oxydant: Izakhi zezitshalo zingaba nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant, ezingasiza ekulweni nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative futhi zinciphise ukulimala kwamangqamuzana.
9. Ukwelapha Amanxeba: Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izithasiselo zeStrophanthus amboensis ukuze kuphole amanxeba. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kungasiza ekukhuthazeni ukululama okusheshayo kwamanxeba amancane.
10. Amasiko Endabuko: Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokwelapha, i-Strophanthus amboensis ibalulekile emasikweni emiphakathini ethile. Isetshenziswa emasikweni nasemikhosini ngezinhloso ezahlukene.
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Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Ukuthola Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezinikezwayo zeStrophanthus amboensis (Amboensis Climber)
1. Ama-infusions: Lungisa itiye ngokucwilisa amaqabunga omisiwe noma izimbali zeStrophanthus amboensis emanzini ashisayo. Lokhu kuxutshwa kungadliwa ukuze kutholakale izinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona. Amanzi ashisayo asiza ekukhipheni amakhemikhali awusizo ezitshalweni, okuholela esiphuzo esimnandi nesingaba sezokwelapha.
2. Izithambisi: Izithako ze-Strophanthus amboensis ezisekelwe otshwaleni zingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sochwepheshe. Izithako ziyizixazululo ezihlanganisiwe lapho izakhi ezisebenzayo zezitshalo zincibilikiswa khona otshwaleni. Zivumela ukunqunywa okunembile kanye nokuphathwa kalula, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwemithi yamakhambi.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo: Ezimweni ezithile, ama-poultice noma okhilimu aqukethe izithasiselo ze-Strophanthus amboensis angase asetshenziswe ngaphandle. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kunganikeza izinzuzo zendawo, njengokunciphisa ukucasuka okuncane kwesikhumba noma ukukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba. Ama-compound asebenzayo angamuncwa ngesikhumba ukuze aveze imiphumela yawo.
4. Izakhi Zokwelapha Zendabuko: Kuye ngemikhuba yamasiko, i-Strophanthus amboensis ingasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwendabuko okuhlukile ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kwakhiwe kungabandakanya ukuhlanganisa isitshalo nezinye izimila noma izithako zemvelo ukudala amakhambi afanelekela izinkinga ezithile zempilo.
Imiphumela Engemihle Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi iStrophanthus amboensis
1. Imiphumela Yenhliziyo: I-Strophanthus amboensis inomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo. Ukusetshenziswa noma umthamo ongalungile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi ekushayweni kwenhliziyo. Abantu abanezinkinga zenhliziyo ezikhona kufanele baqaphele futhi bafune iseluleko sochwepheshe ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo njengomuthi.
2. Isilinganiso: Isilinganiso esifanele sibalulekile uma usebenzisa i-Strophanthus amboensis. Ukuthatha kakhulu kungadala izinkinga, okuhlanganisa nezinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukulandela izilinganiso ezinconywayo bese uthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole inani elifanele izidingo zakho ezithile.
3. Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba: Njenganoma yisiphi isithako esisekelwe ezitshalweni, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba. Abanye abantu bangase babe nomuzwa wokuzwela ezingxenyeni ze-Strophanthus amboensis, okuholela ekusabela kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, noma ngisho nokusabela okukhulu kokungezwani komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwe-patch ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi omusha wamakhambi kuyanconywa.
4. Ukusebenzisana: I-Strophanthus amboensis ingase ihlangane nemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlobene nezimo zenhliziyo. Ukuhlanganisa lesi sitshalo nemithi enqunywe udokotela ngaphandle kokubhekwa okufanele kungabangela ukuhlangana okuyingozi okuzobeka impilo yakho engozini.
5. Ubuthi: Uma kukhulunywa ngemithamo ephezulu, i-Strophanthus amboensis ingaba yingozi. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ukulungiselela okungafanele kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezimbi, okuhlanganisa nezinkinga zenhliziyo. Gwema ukuzelapha futhi uhlale ufuna isiqondiso kuchwepheshe wezempilo ofanelekayo.
Inani Lokudla Okunomsoco le-Strophanthus amboensis (Amboensis Climber)
1. I-Sarmentogenin: I-Sarmentogenin iyi-cardenolide aglycone etholakala embewini ye-Strophanthus amboensis, eyaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo ze-cardiac glycoside ezisekela ukusebenza kwenhliziyo ngokuthuthukisa ukugoba futhi okungenzeka isize ekwelapheni ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo.
2. I-Sarverogenin: Le aglycone ye-steroidal, eyingxenye yeqembu le-sarmentogenin/sarverogenin embewini, ibonisa imiphumela ye-cardiotonic, inegalelo ekusetshenzisweni kwezitshalo ngokwesiko njengesikhuthazi senhliziyo kanye nobuthi bomcibisholo ngenxa yobuthi bayo.
3. Ama-Glycoside Enhliziyo: Ama-glycoside ahlukahlukene atholakala ku-sarmentogenin embewini anikeza imiphumela enamandla ye-inotropic enhliziyweni, andisa ukugoba kwenhliziyo ngenkathi edinga ukuqapha ngenxa yenkomba yawo yokwelapha encane.
4. Ama-Compounds afana ne-Ouabain: Nakuba ikakhulukazi kwezinye izinhlobo zeStrophanthus, ama-cardenolide ahlobene embewini ye-S. amboensis anikeza izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokulwa nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye nokulwa nokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuvimbela i-Na+/K+-ATPase.
5. Ama-Alkaloid: I-Indole kanye nezinye i-alkaloid ezikhona kulesi sitshalo zinegalelo ezimpahleni zaso zokulwa namagciwane kanye nokuvikela imizwa, zisekela ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yendabuko.
6. Ama-Flavonoid: Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-polyphenolic emaqabungeni naseziqwini zinikeza umsebenzi we-antioxidant, okusiza ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye nokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
7. Ama-Phenolic Compounds: Ama-phenolics afana ne-gallic acid derivatives ezikhishweni anikeza imiphumela eyengeziwe yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant, okungenzeka ukuthi asize ekwelapheni amanxeba.
8. Ama-Triterpenoid: Etholakala ezimpandeni nasembewini, ama-triterpenoid afana ne-lupeol abonisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokuvikela isibindi, okuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yesintu.
9. Ama-Saponins: Ama-saponins asezimbewini anegalelo ezitshalweni ezikhiqiza amagwebu kanye nomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane, awusizo ekwelapheni izifo ngendlela yendabuko.
10. Ama-tannins: Lezi zinhlanganisela ezincibilikisayo emagxolweni nasemaqabungeni zinikeza izinzuzo zokulwa namagciwane futhi zisekela impilo yokugaya ukudla ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
Amakhemikhali asebenzayo eStrophanthus amboensis, ikakhulukazi ama-glycoside ayo enhliziyo, aqokomisa amandla ayo emithini yendabuko yase-Afrika yezifo ezihlobene nenhliziyo, kodwa ubuthi bayo obuphezulu obuvela embewini esetshenziswa njengobuthi bomcibisholo budinga ukuqaphela okukhulu kanye nokuqapha kochwepheshe nganoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa.
Ubufakazi Besayensi kanye Nezifundo Zezimo Nge-Strophanthus amboensis
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Cardenolide: UJoubert (1984) wahlukanisa izinhlobo zeStrophanthus ngokusekelwe kuma-glycoside embewu, ebeka i-S. amboensis eqenjini le-sarmentogenin/sarverogenin, ekhombisa amandla ayo okushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo sama-aglycones ahlukanisiwe, okusekela izinzuzo zempilo yenhliziyo (Joubert, PH, 1984, Ijenali Yezokwelapha yaseNingizimu Afrika, 66(20), 763-766).
2. Ukuqoqwa Kwama-Phytochemical: UNeuwinger (1996) ubuyekeze ubuthi bemicibisholo obuvela ezinhlotsheni zeStrophanthus, okuhlanganisa ne-S. amboensis, ekhomba ama-cardenolide asekelwe ku-sarmentogenin anemiphumela enamandla enobuthi benhliziyo eqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kokuzingela kanye nokukhuthaza inhliziyo okungenzeka kube khona (Neuwinger, HD, 1996, I-Ethnobotany yase-Afrika: Ubuthi Nezidakamizwa, uChapman noHall).
3. Ukubuyekezwa Kwendabuko Nokwezemithi: I-Orhan nabanye. (2017) bafingqa izifundo zangaphambi kokwelashwa ngezinhlobo zeStrophanthus, bephawula imiphumela ye-cardiotonic evela kuma-glycosides ku-S. amboensis, kanye nobufakazi bokuthuthuka kokugoba kwenhliziyo kumamodeli ezilwane, yize idatha yabantu ilinganiselwe (Orhan, IE, Gokbulut, A., & Senol, FS, 2017, Umklamo Wamanje Wezemithi, 23(7), 1051-1059).
4. Izakhiwo Zamakhemikhali Ezinto Eziphilayo: UWłodarczyk noGleńsk (2022) bahlaziye ama-saponins nama-glycoside embewu yeStrophanthus, okuhlanganisa nalawo avela ku-S. amboensis, bebonisa imisebenzi yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant nge-HPLC kanye ne-bioassays, bebonisa izinzuzo zezimo ezihlobene nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative (Włodarczyk, M., & Gleńsk, M., 2022, I-Planta Medica, 88(5), 576-586).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Strophanthus amboensis
1. Isetshenziswa ngani i-Strophanthus amboensis kwezokwelapha zendabuko?
Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo samathambo, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, kanye nokhwekhwe, kanti imbewu yayisetshenziswa njengobuthi bomcibisholo ezizweni zase-Afrika zokuzingela.
2. Ingabe i-Strophanthus amboensis iphephile ukuyisebenzisa?
Cha, inobuthi obukhulu ngenxa ye-glycosides yenhliziyo, okungase kubangele ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma ukufa; kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha.
3. Ingabe i-Strophanthus amboensis ingasiza empilweni yenhliziyo?
Ama-cardenolide ayo angase athuthukise ukufinyela kwenhliziyo okufana ne-digitalis, kodwa ubufakazi bukhawulelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwendabuko nangaphambi kokwelashwa, kanye nezingozi ezinkulu.
4. Yiziphi izingxenye ze-Strophanthus amboensis ezisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha?
Imbewu isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-glycoside ayo, kanti amaqabunga nezimpande zingase zisetshenziswe phezulu ezimweni zesikhumba ezifana nokhwekhwe.
5. Ingabe i-Strophanthus amboensis inezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane?
Yebo, ama-alkaloid ayo nama-saponins abonisa amandla okulwa nokutheleleka, esekela ukwelashwa kwendabuko kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, yize izifundo zingezokuqala.
6. Ivelaphi i-Strophanthus amboensis?
Ivela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, okuhlanganisa i-Angola, iNamibia, kanye neDemocratic Republic of the Congo, ikhula njengesihlahla noma isitshalo esikhuphukayo emahlathini ase-savanna.
7. Ingabe i-Strophanthus amboensis ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Akuphephile, njengoba ama-glycoside enhliziyo angabangela ukufinyela kwesibeletho okuholela ekuphuphumeni kwesisu; gwema ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa.
8. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi ye-Strophanthus amboensis?
Imiphumela emibi ihlanganisa isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, kanye nokuma kwenhliziyo okungenzeka ngenxa yobuthi; ukusebenzisana nemithi yenhliziyo efana ne-digoxin kuyingozi.
Unemibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela uzizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Sikukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singeke sikwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, siyabonga kakhulu ngosizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nangokwabelana!
Isixwayiso: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo nolwazi kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichazwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi wezitshalo noma wemvelo ngezinjongo zezokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Umphumela Wesimo Sezulu Esishisayo Ezidakamizweni Zezilwane, Izifo Nezifo