Tabernaemontana pachysiphon, commonly known as Smoothfruit Cornettree, is a plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This evergreen shrub is native to certain regions of Southeast Asia and is known for its distinctive features that make it easily recognizable.
Smoothfruit Cornettree is a medium-sized shrub that typically grows to a height of 2 to 3 meters. Its growth form is erect and bushy, with a well-branched structure. The plants stems are relatively sturdy, and its leaves are glossy, leathery, and elliptical in shape.
Amaqabunga e-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon ahlelwe ngokuphambene eceleni kweziqu. Anombala obushelelezi ebusweni obungaphezulu kanye nomthunzi oluhlaza okhanyayo ngaphansi. Amaphethelo amaqabunga aphelele (abushelelezi), kanti indawo evulekile iyabonakala.
I-Smoothfruit Cornettree ikhiqiza izimbali ezincane, ezinephunga elimnandi eziqoqwe ngamaqoqo eziqongweni zamagatsha. Lezi zimbali zivame ukuba mhlophe ngombala futhi zinesimo esifana nesiqubhu esinamacembe amahlanu ahlukile. Izimbali zikhipha iphunga elimnandi futhi ziyisici esikhangayo sesitshalo.
Njengoba igama elivamile lisikisela, isithelo se-pachysiphon i-Tabernaemontana sibushelelezi futhi sikhumbuza kancane i-cornet noma uphondo. Isithelo ngokuvamile siyisikwele noma si-ovoid ngesimo, sinesihloko esicijile kancane. Uma sesivuthiwe, isithelo siphenduka umbala ophuzi okhanyayo noma o-orenji okhanyayo. Isithelo ngasinye siqukethe imbewu ehlakazekayo lapho isithelo sihlukana (sihlukana).
Nakuba izimpande zingabonakali kalula, zidlala indima ebalulekile ezitshalweni eziwusizo kwezokwelapha. Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kuvame ukuhilela ukukhipha amakhemikhali asebenzayo ezimpandeni ukuze kutholakale izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Smoothfruit I-Cornettree ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia..
Ikhula ezindaweni zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi, izindawo ezikhula kancane, ngisho nezingadi ezitshaliwe. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezindaweni ezahlukene kunegalelo ekubeni khona kwayo kabanzi.
Ukutshala i-pachysiphon yaseTabernaemontana kudinga isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, esifana nendawo yaso yokuhlala. Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi ekhipha amanzi kahle futhi singabekezelela kokubili umthunzi ongaphelele kanye nokukhanya kwelanga. Ukusabalala kuvame ukwenziwa ngembewu noma izicucu zesiqu.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo ezingu-20 zezempilo ze-Strophanthus sarmentosus (Creeping Strophanthus) kwezokwelapha
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zezokwelapha ze-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Smoothfruit Cornettree)
1. Ukuqeda Ubuhlungu: I-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon ibilokhu isetshenziswa ngokwesiko ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zekhanda elibuhlungu, izinhlungu zemisipha, kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga.
2. Izakhiwo Ezilwa Nokuvuvukala: Lesi sitshalo siqukethe izithako ezinemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala, okwenza sibe usizo ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki nezimo ezihlobene nokuvuvukala.
3. Usizo Lokugaya Ukudla: I-Snakeroot enamaqabunga abushelelezi isetshenziswe ukusekela ukugaya ukudla nokuqeda izinkinga zesisu, njengokungagayi kahle ukudla kanye nokuqaqamba kwesisu.
4. Izenzo Zokunciphisa Umkhuhlane (Ukunciphisa Umkhuhlane): Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswe ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nokuphatha izimpawu ezihambisana nawo.
5. Ukwelapha Amanxeba: Izithako zezitshalo zibonise amandla okukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuthuthukisa ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli nokulungiswa kwezicubu.
6. Izinzuzo Zokulwa Nokusha Kwe-Antioxidant: I-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon iqukethe ama-antioxidants asiza ukuvikela amaseli ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative futhi angasiza enhlalakahleni iyonke.
7. Ukusekelwa Kokuphefumula: Emikhubeni yendabuko, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswe ekunciphiseni izinkinga zokuphefumula njengokukhwehlela nokuminyana.
8. Ukukhathazeka Nokunciphisa Ukucindezeleka: Izakhiwo zezitshalo zokuzola ziyenza ibe usizo ekulawuleni ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka, ikhuthaze ukuphumula.
9. Ukulawulwa Komfutho Wegazi: Amanye ama-compounds ku-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon kukholakala ukuthi anethonya elihle emazingeni omfutho wegazi.
10. Imiphumela Yokulwa Namagciwane: Lesi sitshalo sinezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane, okungenzeka ukuthi sisize ekulweni nezifo futhi sisekele amasosha omzimba.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo eziyi-17 zezempilo ze-Cedrus Deodara (Deodar Cedar) kwezokwelapha
Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Ukufeza Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezinikezwayo ze-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Smoothfruit Cornettree)
1. Ukufakwa kwetiye: Enye yezindlela ezilula zokusebenzisa izinzuzo zezempilo ze-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon ukwenza itiye elifakwe. Ukuze ulungiselele, bilisa inkomishi yamanzi bese uthela ithisipuni elilodwa lamaqabunga e-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon omisiwe cishe imizuzu eyi-10. Hlunga futhi ujabulele leli tiye eliduduzayo, elingasiza ngokuphumula nokuqeda ukucindezeleka.
2. I-Poultice Yesikhumba: Dala i-poultice efakwe ephepheni ngamaqabunga e-pachysiphon e-Tabernaemontana aqoshiwe ukuze welaphe izimo zesikhumba ezifana namanxeba amancane, ukulunywa yizinambuzane, kanye nokuqubuka. Faka i-poultice ngqo endaweni ethintekile ukuze uthole impumuzo yemvelo kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zokulwa namagciwane.
3. I-tincture: Ukwenza i-tincture evela ku-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana kuhilela ukucwilisa izinto zesitshalo otshwaleni ukuze kukhishwe izakhiwo zaso zokwelapha. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekugcineni izinzuzo zezitshalo isikhathi eside. Amaconsi ambalwa ale tincture angaxutshwa emanzini noma athathwe ngolimi olungaphansi kwezinzuzo ezahlukene zezempilo.
4. Ukuphefumula Ngomusi: Ukuze uthole izinzuzo zokuphefumula, cabanga ngokuphefumula ngomusi. Bilisa amanzi, engeza amaqabunga ambalwa e-pachysiphon e-Tabernaemontana, bese uphefumula umusi. Le ndlela inganikeza impumuzo ekuminyaneni kokuphefumula kanye nokungakhululeki kwama-sinus.
5. Amafutha Axutshwe: Ukufaka uwoyela othwalayo nge-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon kungaveza uwoyela ocebile ngezakhiwo zawo ezizuzisayo. Faka lo mafutha phezulu ukuze uhlikihlwe noma welashwe isikhumba. Kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nokukhuthaza impilo yesikhumba.
6. Ukugeza Kwamakhambi: Thuthukisa ukugeza kwakho ngokufaka amaqabunga e-pachysiphon omisiwe e-Tabernaemontana. Njengoba ucwilisa, amanzi amunca izitshalo, okukunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuphumuzayo futhi okungenzeka kube okwelaphayo.
7. Cindezela: Ukuze ubhekane nobuhlungu noma ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, dala i-compress efudumele usebenzisa i-decoction ye-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. Faka indwangu ku-decoction, uyicindezele, bese uyibeka endaweni ethintekile. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwendawo kungase kunikeze impumuzo.
8. Ukuhlanza Ngomlomo: Faka amaqabunga e-pachysiphon e-Tabernaemontana emanzini afudumele ukuze uhlanze ngomlomo. Ukuhlanza umlomo ngale ndlela yokuhlanza kungasiza ekunciphiseni izilonda zomlomo, umphimbo obuhlungu, kanye nokunye ukungakhululeki komlomo.
Imiphumela Engemihle Yokusebenzisa I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana Isitshalo Semithi
1. Ukungakhululeki Kokugaya Ukudla: Kwabanye abantu, ukudla i-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana kungaholela ezinkingeni zokugaya ukudla njengokuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Kubalulekile ukuqala ngomthamo omncane bese uqapha impendulo yomzimba wakho.
2. Ukucasuka Kwesikhumba: Ukuthintana ngqo namaqabunga e-pachysiphon e-Tabernaemontana noma ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo kungabangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba kanye nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba kubantu abazwelayo. Njalo phatha isitshalo ngokucophelela futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-patch ngaphambi kokusebenzisa endaweni ethintekile.
3. Ukucindezeleka Kokuphefumula: Ukuphefumula umusi ovela ekufakweni kwe-pachysiphon eTabernaemontana kungaholela ekungakhululeki kokuphefumula kwabanye abantu. Uma uzwa ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi uphefumula umusi, yeka ukusebenzisa ngokushesha.
4. Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa: I-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon ingase ihlangane nemithi ethile, okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo noma kubangele ukusabela okubi. Uma usebenzisa imithi kadokotela, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo sokwelapha.
5. Ukukhathazeka Ngokukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana, njengoba ukuphepha kwayo kula maqembu akukaqinisekiswa. Kubalulekile ukubeka phambili inhlalakahle kamama nengane.
6. Imiphumela Yesistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi: Imithamo ephezulu ye-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon ingabangela imiphumela yesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi, okuhlanganisa isiyezi, ukudideka, ngisho nokubona izinto ezingekho. Ungadluli imithamo enconyiwe ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi enjalo.
7. Ukucindezeleka Kwesisu: Ukuphuza i-pachysiphon eningi kakhulu kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwesisu, okuhlanganisa uhudo kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Hlala unamathela kumithamo enconyiwe bese uthintana nochwepheshe uma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi.
8. Ukusabela Kokuzwela Okuphezulu: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuzwela okukhulu ku-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon futhi bangase babe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, nokuvuvukala. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngemva kokusebenzisa, yeka bese ucela usizo lwezokwelapha uma kudingeka.
Inani Lokudla Okunomsoco le-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon (Smoothfruit Cornettree)
1. Amaprotheni: Amaqabunga e- I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana aqukethe inani elincane lamaprotheni, asekela ukulungiswa kwezicubu kanye nemisebenzi ye-enzyme. Nakuba engeyona umthombo oyinhloko, amaprotheni anegalelo endimeni yawo emithini yendabuko lapho isitshalo sisetshenziswa khona ngobuningi obuncane.
2. Ama-carbohydrate: Imbewu nezithelo cishe zinikeza ama-carbohydrate, ikakhulukazi ngesimo sezitashi noshukela omncane, okunikeza umthombo wamandla ongaba khona. Kodwa-ke, inani lazo lokudla okunempilo lilinganiselwe ngenxa yobuthi bezitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwezokwelapha esikhundleni sokudla.
3. Ifayibha: I-fibre yokudla ilindeleke emaqabungeni nasezithelweni, isiza ekugayweni kokudla futhi ikhuthaze impilo yamathumbu. Okuqukethwe kwe-fibre kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko njenge-styptic, yize inani eliqondile lingabhalwanga kahle.
4. Ama-Alkaloid: Lesi sitshalo sicebile ngama-alkaloid e-indole njenge-apparicine, i-voacangine, kanye ne-tubotaiwine, okuyizinto eziphilayo ezisebenza kahle hhayi izakhamzimba. Lokhu kungathinta izinqubo ze-metabolic kodwa kuyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nemithamo ephezulu, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunempilo.
5. Ama-Phenolic Compounds: Ama-phenolic, njengalawo atholakala ku- I-Tabernaemontana izinhlobo, zisebenza njengama-antioxidants ku- I-T. pachysiphon, okungenzeka kunciphise ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative futhi kusekele impilo yamangqamuzana uma kusetshenziswa njengomuthi.
6. Flavonoids: Ama-Flavonoid akhona emaqabunga, anikeza izinzuzo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant. Lawa ma-compound athuthukisa inani lemithi yezitshalo kodwa alandela ukudla okunomsoco.
7. Amaminerali (i-Potassium): I-trace potassium ingatholakala emaqabunga, isekela ibhalansi ye-electrolyte kanye nomsebenzi wezinzwa, okutholwe ezifundweni zezitshalo ze-Apocynaceae ezicebile nge-alkaloid.
8. Amaminerali (i-Calcium): I-calcium cishe ikhona ngamanani amancane, okufaka isandla empilweni yamathambo, yize i-latex kanye nama-alkaloid ezitshalo kungaphazamisa ukumuncwa.
9. Amavithamini: Inani elincane lamavithamini, njengevithamini C, lingaba semaqabunga amasha, lisekela ukusebenza komzimba, ngokusekelwe kumaphethini atholakala ku- Tabernaemontana izinhlobo.
10. Ama-lipid: Imbewu iqukethe amafutha amancane, anikeza amandla, kodwa okuqukethwe kwawo kuphansi futhi kufiphazwa yizitshalo ezisebenzisa ama-alkaloid ezokwelapha.
Iphrofayili yokudla okunempilo I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana incane futhi ayifundwanga kahle, inenani layo ikakhulukazi kuma-bioactive compounds afana nama-alkaloid kunokuba ibe umthombo wokudla. Ngenxa yobuthi obuvela ku-latex nama-alkaloid, ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ngqo ngaphandle kokucutshungulwa, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo ikakhulukazi kungokwendabuko futhi kuyimithi.
Ubufakazi Besayensi kanye Nezifundo Zecala ku-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana
1. I-Verpoorte nabanye. (1984): Lolu cwaningo luhlukanise ama-alkaloid angu-23 kanye nama-steroid/triterpenes amahlanu empandeni kanye negxolo lesiqu se- I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana. Ama-alkaloid amaningana abonise umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene namagciwane afana I-Staphylococcus aureus futhi I-Escherichia coli, kanye nesikhunta esifana I-Aspergillus niger, isekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko kwezifo (Verpoorte, R., nabanye. (1984). Ama-alkaloid asebenzayo okulwa namagciwane avela ku-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. I-Phytochemistry, 23(8), 1771-1776).
2. I-Ingkaninan nabanye. (1999): Abacwaningi bahlukanise amakhemikhali asebenza nge-opioid emaqabunga e- I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana, ukuhlonza i-voacangine kanye ne-ibogaine derivatives enobudlelwano be-μ-opioid receptors (amanani e-Ki angu-1.6–2.6 μM). Lawa ma-compound abonise umsebenzi we-agonist, okubonisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa ubuhlungu (Ingkaninan, K., Ijzerman, AP, Taesotikul, T., & Verpoorte, R. (1999). Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali asebenzayo e-opioid avela kumaqabunga e-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. Ijenali Yekhemisi Nekhemisi, 51(12), 1441-1446).
3. Uwumarongie nabanye. (2007): Isiqephu seqabunga le-methanolic I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana kuhlolwe ukuthi kuyasebenza yini ekulweni namagciwane, kwabonisa ukuthi kusebenza kahle yini ekulweni namagciwane. I-Entamoeba histolytica, I-Bacillus subtilis, I-Staphylococcus aureus, I-Escherichia coli, kanye nesikhunta esifana I-Aspergillus niger futhi Ama-Candida albicans. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-amoebic kanye ne-antibacterial ekwelapheni izifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane kanye namagciwane (Uwumarongie, OH, Onwukaeme, DN, & Obasuyi, O. (2007). Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane we-methanolic leaf extract ye-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon Stapf. (Apocynaceae). Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine, 11, 23-25).
4. Isi-Yi nabanye. (2020): Lolu cwaningo luthole ama-alkaloid amasha ayisishiyagalolunye e-bisindole (ama-tabernaesine AI) avela ku- I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana, ekhombisa ubuthi obuvela kumaseli omdlavuza womuntu amahlanu (HL-60, A-549, SK-OV-3, MDA-MB-435, kanye neHepG2) ngamanani e-IC50 angu-0.28–9.95 μM. Ama-compounds abonise umsebenzi ongaba khona wokulwa nomdlavuza onobuthi obuphansi kumaseli ajwayelekile (Yi, W.-F., nabanye. (2020). Ama-Tabernaesines AI, ama-alkaloid e-Aspidosperma-Aspidosperma-type bisindole ayingozi avela ku-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon. Ijenali Yemikhiqizo Yemvelo, 83(11), 3215-3222).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Tabernaemontana pachysiphon
1. Ingabe I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana kuphephile ukudliwa?
Cha, iqukethe i-latex enobuthi nama-alkaloid angabangela ukucasuka noma ubuthi. Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela, futhi ukugwinya kufanele kugwenywe ngaphandle kwesiqondiso sochwepheshe.
2. Yiziphi izingxenye ze I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana zisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha?
Amaqabunga, igxolo lempande, kanye negxolo lesiqu kusetshenziswa emithini yendabuko yase-Afrika yezilonda, izifo, kanye nokuqeda ubuhlungu, ngokuvamile njengezinto ezikhishwe noma imithi yokuhlikihla.
3. Ithini I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana ukwelapha izifo?
Yebo, izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izingcezu zayo zinomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene namagciwane afana I-Staphylococcus aureus kanye nezibungu ezifana I-Entamoeba histolytica, esekela ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwezifo zesikhumba kanye nezilonda.
4. Ingabe I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana zinezakhiwo zokuqeda ubuhlungu?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ama-alkaloid asebenza nge-opioid emaqabungeni abopha kuma-receptor e-μ-opioid, okuphakamisa amandla okudambisa ubuhlungu afana nokusetshenziswa kwendabuko kokulawula ubuhlungu.
5. Kuphi lapho I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana ukukhula?
Ivela ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, okuhlanganisa iNigeria, iKenya, neTanzania, ikhula njengesihlahla noma umuthi emahlathini nasemahlathini afinyelela kumamitha ayi-15 ubude.
6. Ingabe I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza?
Izifundo zakamuva zikhombe ama-alkaloid anobuthi avela esitshalweni avimbela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza, okubonisa izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokulwa nomdlavuza, yize kungakaqinisekiswa ngokwezokwelapha.
7. Yiziphi izindlela zendabuko zokusebenzisa I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana?
Emithini yendabuko yase-Afrika, i-latex yayo isetshenziswa emanxebeni njengesidakamizwa sokuvimbela ukutheleleka, kanti izithasiselo zelapha amathumba, izimpethu, nezinye izifo zesikhumba.
8. Ingabe zikhona izingozi ezihlobene I-pachysiphon ye-Tabernaemontana?
Yebo, i-latex ebangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma ubumpumputhe uma ithinta amehlo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela ebuthi obuvela kuma-alkaloid, ngakho-ke ukubhekwa kochwepheshe kubalulekile.
Unemibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela uzizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Sikukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singeke sikwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, siyabonga kakhulu ngosizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nangokwabelana!
Isixwayiso: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo nolwazi kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichazwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo xhumana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi wezitshalo noma wemvelo ngezinjongo zezokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Uhlu Lwezinkinga Ezibhekene Nokukhiqizwa Kwemfuyo