I-Encephalartos altensteinii, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Eastern Cape Blue Cycad, uhlobo lwesitshalo oluthakazelisayo noludala olungumndeni we-cycad, i-Cycadaceae.
Le cycad idabuka ezindaweni eziqinile ze-Eastern Cape Province yaseNingizimu Afrika, futhi igujwa ngokubukeka kwayo okuphawulekayo nezici zayo ezithokozisayo zezitshalo.
I-Encephalartos altensteinii ibonakala ngomkhuba wayo wokukhula oqinile nofanele. Ngokuvamile lesi sitshalo sakha isiqu esiqinile, esinokhuni esisebenza njenge-eksisi yaso emaphakathi.
Lesi siqu, esaziwa nangokuthi isiqu, singahluka ngobude nobubanzi kuye ngeminyaka kanye nezimo zemvelo zalesi sitshalo. Isiqu sihlotshiswe ngezisekelo zamaqabunga ahlala njalo, okusinikeza ukuthungwa kwe-ap
Inkazimulo yokuqala ye-Encephalartos altensteinii amahlamvu ayo amahle. Amaqabunga ayi-pinnate, okusho ukuthi aqukethe amaqabunga amaningi ahlelwe eceleni kwe-rachis emaphakathi. Amaqabunga ngokwawo amise okwencebencebe futhi anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oyingqayizivele, okuyisici esichazayo salolu hlobo.
Lolu hlobo olumangalisayo luhlukanisa i-Encephalartos altensteinii kwezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-cycad. Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngendlela ebukekayo yokujikeleza phezu kwesiqu, okudala ukubonisa okuthakazelisayo.
I-Encephalartos altensteinii iyi-dioecious, okusho ukuthi izitshalo ngazinye zingabesilisa noma zingabesifazane. Izitshalo zesilisa zikhiqiza izakhiwo ezifana nekhoni ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-strobili, aphethe impova.
Lawa ma-strobili ayindilinga futhi ngokuvamile atholakala ezitshalweni ezihlukene kwezabesifazane. Izitshalo zesifazane zikhiqiza izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana nekhoni, ezihlala imbewu. Lawa makhoni ngokuvamile makhulu futhi anokubukeka okuhlukile.
I-Encephalartos altensteinii ichuma ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene lapho ikhula khona ngokwemvelo, kusukela emithambekeni yamatshe kuya ezindaweni ezinotshani obuvulekile. Ukuzivumelanisa kwayo nezindawo ezihlukahlukene kwenziwa lula izici zayo ezihlukile zokwakheka.
Isiqu esiqinile sinikeza ukuzinza nokusekela, okuvumela isitshalo ukumelana nemimoya enamandla nezinye izinkinga zemvelo. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaqabunga kucatshangwa ukuthi unenzuzo yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, mhlawumbe usebenza njengesivikelo elangeni eleqile noma ekucindezelweni kwezilwane ezidla imifino.
I-Encephalartos altensteinii, njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-cycad, ibhekene nezinselele zokongiwa. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile, nokuhweba ngokungemthetho, lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njengezisengozini yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Imizamo yokongiwa iyaqhubeka ukuvikela nokulondoloza lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lwasendulo nolubalulekile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.
Funda Futhi: 15 Izinzuzo Zempilo Zokwelapha ze-Arum maculatum (Ama-Lords-and-Ladies)
Izinzuzo Zempilo Zokwelapha ze-Encephalartos altensteinii (Eastern Cape Blue Cycad)
1. Izakhiwo Ezilwa Nokuvuvukala: I-Encephalartos altensteinii iqukethe izinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo ezilwa nokuvuvukala. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza ibe yikhambi lemvelo elibalulekile ezimeni ezihambisana nokuvuvukala, njenge-arthritis nezinye izinkinga ezihlobene namalunga.
2. Ukuzivikela kuma-Antioxidant: Lesi sitshalo sicebile kuma-antioxidant abamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunciphiseni ama-free radicals ayingozi emzimbeni. Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-Encephalartos altensteinii inegalelo empilweni yamaselula futhi isiza ukuvikela ekulimaleni okuhlobene nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative.
3. Induduzo Yokugaya Ukudla: I-Encephalartos altensteinii inomlando wokuyisebenzisela ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla. Ingase isize ekudambiseni ukucasuka kwamathumbu futhi isekele ukugayeka kokudla okunempilo, okuyenza ibe ikhambi elingaba khona lezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
4. Usizo Lokwelapha Izilonda: Ngokwesiko, izithako ze-Encephalartos altensteinii bezisetshenziswa ngaphezulu ezilondeni ukusheshisa ukuphulukiswa. Izakhi zayo zemvelo zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela izifo.
5. Ukusekela Isistimu Yokuzivikela Ezifweni: Izakhi ezisebenzayo zalesi sitshalo zingase zibe nemiphumela yokuguqula amasosha omzimba, zisize izindlela zokuzivikela zomzimba futhi zisize ukuvikela izifo.
6. Ukulawula Ubuhlungu: I-Encephalartos altensteinii isetshenziselwe ukudambisa ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zekhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, nokulimala okuncane. Izakhiwo zayo ezingase zibe yi-analgesic ziyenza isengezo esibalulekile emakhambi endabuko.
7. Impilo Enhle Yenhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Encephalartos altensteinii kungase kube nomthelela empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ngokusekela ukujikeleza kwegazi okunempilo nokugcina amazinga afanele okucindezela kwegazi.
8. Usizo Lokuphefumula: Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kusikisela ukuthi lesi sitshalo singase sinikeze impumuzo ekungakhululeki kokuphefumula. Kungase kube usizo ekunciphiseni izimo ezifana nokukhwehlela ne-bronchitis.
9. Amandla Okuvikela Izinzwa: Ucwaningo oluncane lukhombisa ukuthi izinhlanganisela ezithile ezitholakala ku-Encephalartos altensteinii zingaba nemiphumela yokuvikela izinzwa, okuphakamisa indima engaba khona ekugcineni impilo yokuqonda.
10. Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka: Izakhiwo ezithobisa umzimba zalesi sitshalo zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yengqondo iyonke.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezingama-20 Zesitshalo se-Cyclopia (Cyclopia spp.)
Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Zokufeza Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezinikeziwe ze-Encephalartos altensteinii (Eastern Cape Blue Cycad)
1. Ama-Herbal Teas: Lungisa itiye lemithi usebenzisa amaqabunga e-Encephalartos altensteinii. Gcoba inqwaba yamaqabunga omisiwe emanzini ashisayo cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15.
Itiye eliwumphumela lingadliwa ukuze kujatshulelwe izinzuzo zalo zokulwa nokuvuvukala, i-antioxidant, kanye nokugaya ukudla. Kuyatuseka ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uthole amanani afanele.
2. Ama-Topical Balms: Dala ibhalsamu ethobisayo ngokufaka amaqabunga e-Encephalartos altensteinii noma izithako ewoyela ophethe, njengamafutha kakhukhunathi noma amafutha omnqumo. Leli bhalsamu lingahlikihlwa ngobumnene ezilondeni, ekulimaleni, noma emisipheni ebuhlungu ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba futhi kuncishiswe ukungakhululeki.
3. Izithasiselo Zemithi: Izithako ze-Encephalartos altensteinii zitholakala ngendlela yesithasiselo. Lezi zithasiselo zenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngemithamo egxilile yezinhlanganisela ezinenzuzo zalesi sitshalo.
Landela imiyalelo yemithamo enconyiwe kulebula yomkhiqizo futhi uthintane nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
4. I-Aromatherapy: Amafutha abalulekile atholakala ku-Encephalartos altensteinii angasetshenziswa emikhubeni ye-aromatherapy. Iphunga elimnandi likawoyela lingaba nomphumela ozolisayo, ongase usize ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka nasekuphumuleni.
5. Amalungiselelo Endabuko: Kuya ngamasiko endawo, i-Encephalartos altensteinii ingasetshenziswa emikhubeni yezokwelapha yendabuko. Lezi zindlela zingase zihlanganise ukwenza ama-poultices, ama-decoctions, noma ama-infusions kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezihlukene zesitshalo.
6. Ukubonisana Nochwepheshe: Ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi indlela yokusetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukubonisana nezazi zezitshalo, izazi zemvelo, noma ochwepheshe bezempilo abanolwazi ngezici ze-Encephalartos altensteinii.
Banganikeza isiqondiso esilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zezempilo zomuntu ngamunye kanye nokusebenzisana okungase kube khona nemithi ekhona.
7. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha: Kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokunamathela emithamo enconyiwe. Nakuba i-Encephalartos altensteinii inikeza izinzuzo zezempilo, ezinye izingxenye zesitshalo ziqukethe izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi. Ungalokothi udle noma usebenzise noma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo ngaphandle kokulungiselela okufanele nesiqondiso sochwepheshe.
8. Ukusimama Nokongiwa: Njengoba uhlola izindlela zokusetshenziswa, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusimama. I-Encephalartos altensteinii iyinhlobo esengozini, futhi ukongiwa kwayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Khetha imikhiqizo nemikhuba esekela ukuvuna okuziphatha kahle nemizamo yokongiwa.
Imiphumela Eside Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi I-Encephalartos altensteinii
1. Izinhlanganisela Ezinobuthi: I-Encephalartos altensteinii iqukethe izinhlanganisela ezithile ezinobuthi, ikakhulukazi embewini yayo nakwezinye izingxenye. Ukudla lezi zinhlanganisela ezinobuthi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwamathumbu, ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, futhi ezimweni ezimbi, ngisho nokufa.
2. Ukuzwela Kwesikhumba: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuzwela kwesikhumba noma ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba uma bexhumana namaqabunga e-Encephalartos altensteinii noma izithako. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukulungiselelwa kwesikhumba, yenza isivivinyo endaweni encane yesikhumba ukuze uhlole noma yikuphi ukusabela okubi.
3. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baqaphele lapho becabangela ukusebenzisa i-Encephalartos altensteinii. Izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi zalesi sitshalo zingase zilimaze kokubili umama nombungu okhulayo noma umntwana oncelisayo. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa kuyatuswa.
4. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: I-Encephalartos altensteinii ingasebenzisana nemithi ethile. Uma uphuza imithi kadokotela noma unezimo zempilo ezingaphansi, bonisana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokufaka i-Encephalartos altensteinii ohlelweni lwakho lokuphila kahle ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungenzeka.
5. Umthamo Nokulungiselela: Ngisho nalapho usebenzisa i-Encephalartos altensteinii ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe, kubalulekile ukunamathela emithamo enqunyiwe nezindlela zokulungiselela. Ukudla amanani amaningi ngokweqile noma ukusebenzisa izithako ezilungiselelwe ngokungafanele kungandisa ingozi yobuthi nemiphumela emibi.
6. Ukuhluka Komuntu Ngamunye: Ukusabela kwabantu emithini yamakhambi kungahluka kakhulu. Okusebenzela umuntu oyedwa kungahle kungamfanele omunye. Naka ukusabela komzimba wakho bese uyayeka ukuyisebenzisa uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.
7. Ukukhathazeka Ngokongiwa: I-Encephalartos altensteinii iyinhlobo esengozini futhi evikelekile ngenxa yokuvunwa ngokweqile nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Kubalulekile ukusekela imizamo yokongiwa ngokugwema ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni noma ukuqoqwa kwalesi sitshalo.
Inani Lokudla Okunempilo le-Encephalartos altensteinii (Eastern Cape Blue Cycad)
1. Isitashi (Umongo): Umongo wesiqu se-Encephalartos altensteinii ucebile ngesitashi, esasisetshenziswa ngokomlando ukwenza ukudla okunjengesonka okubizwa ngokuthi “broodboom” ngemva kokucubungula ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi. Umongo ungcwatshwa izinyanga ezimbili ukuze ukhishwe ubuthi, unikeze umthombo wama-carbohydrate.
2. Ama-Carbohydrate: Ngaphandle kwesitashi, umongo uqukethe amanye ama-carbohydrate, anikeza amandla uma ecutshungulwa, nakuba engeyona ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla ngenxa yokulungiselela okukhulu okudingekayo.
3. Ama-Polyphenol: Njengama-cycad amanye, cishe aqukethe ama-polyphenol emaqabungeni nasesiqwini sawo, anezakhiwo ze-antioxidant ezinganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nakuba engasetshenziswa ngokuqondile.
4. Ama-Flavonoid: Ama-Flavonoid, okungenzeka ukuthi akhona emaqabungeni, anegalelo emiphumeleni yokulwa nokuvuvukala ne-antioxidant, esekela impilo yamaselula kodwa awuwona umthombo omkhulu wokudla okunempilo.
5. Ama-Tannin: Ama-tannin emacembeni nasesiqwini angasiza ukugayeka kokudla ngokubopha amaprotheni, kodwa amanani amaningi anganciphisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, kunciphise inzuzo yawo yokondleka.
6. Ama-Saponin: Ama-saponin, okungenzeka akhona ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ze-cycad ezihlobene, angasekela umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba noma ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol, kodwa indima yawo yokondleka incane ngenxa yezingozi zobuthi.
7. Ama-Glycoside: Ama-cardiac glycoside, avamile kuma-cycad, angaba khona futhi athinte umsebenzi wenhliziyo, kodwa anobuthi futhi awananzuzo yokondleka.
8. Ama-Trace Mineral: Lesi sitshalo singaqukatha amanani amancane amaminerali afana ne-zinc noma i-iron, nakuba imininingwane eqondile ingatholakali, futhi okuqukethwe yinsimbi enobuthi kungase kubangele izingozi.
9. Ama-Amino Acid: Ama-cyanobacteria asebenzisana ngokubambisana ezimpandeni ze-coralloid alungisa i-nitrogen, akhiqize ama-amino acid asekela ukukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa lokhu akudliwa ngokuqondile abantu.
10. I-Fiber: Umongo ocubunguliwe ungase uhlinzeke nge-dietary fiber, esiza ukugayeka kokudla, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulinganiselwe yisidingo sokukhipha ubuthi obuningi ukuze kukhishwe izinhlanganisela eziyingozi.
I-Encephalartos altensteinii ayiwona umthombo wokudla osebenzayo ngenxa yobuthi bayo, okudinga ukucutshungulwa okude ukwenza umongo onesitashi udleke. Inani layo lokondleka lilinganiselwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kungokuhlobisa noma emithini yesintu, enezingozi ezinkulu zempilo uma ingaphathwa kahle.
Inani Lokondleka le-Encephalartos altensteinii (Eastern Cape Blue Cycad)
1. Isitashi (Umongo): Umongo wesiqu se-Encephalartos altensteinii ucebile ngesitashi, ngokomlando esetshenziswa ukwenza ukudla okufana nesinkwa okubizwa ngokuthi “broodboom” ngemuva kokucutshungulwa ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi. Umongo umbelwa izinyanga ezimbili ukuze ubebuthi obuncane, unikeza umthombo wama-carbohydrate.
2. Ama-Carbohydrate: Ngaphandle kwesitashi, umongo uqukethe amanye ama-carbohydrate, anikeza amandla uma ecutshungulwa, nakuba engeyona ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla ngenxa yokulungiselela okukhulu okudingekayo.
3. Ama-Polyphenol: Njengama-cycad amanye, cishe aqukethe ama-polyphenol emaqabungeni nasesiqwini sawo, anezakhiwo ze-antioxidant ezinganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nakuba zingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile.
4. Ama-Flavonoid: Ama-Flavonoid, okungenzeka ukuthi akhona emaqabungeni, anikela emiphumeleni evimbela ukuvuvukala ne-antioxidant, esekela impilo yeselula kodwa akuwona umthombo omkhulu wokudla okunempilo.
5. Ama-Tannin: Ama-Tannin emaqabungeni nasesiqwini angasiza ukugaya ukudla ngokubopha amaprotheni, kodwa amanani amaningi anganciphisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, okunciphisa inzuzo yawo yokudla okunempilo.
6. Ama-Saponin: Ama-Saponin, okungenzeka ukuthi akhona ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ze-cycad ezihlobene, angasekela umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba noma ukulawulwa kwe-cholesterol, kodwa indima yawo yokudla okunempilo incane ngenxa yobungozi bobuthi.
7. Ama-Glycoside: Ama-Cardiac glycoside, avamile kuma-cycad, angaba khona futhi athinte umsebenzi wenhliziyo, kodwa anobuthi futhi awananzuzo yokudla okunempilo.
8. Amaminerali Alandelelwa: Lesi sitshalo singaqukatha amanani alandelelwayo amaminerali afana ne-zinc noma i-iron, nakuba imininingwane ethile ingatholakali, futhi okuqukethwe yinsimbi enobuthi engaba khona kubeka izingozi.
9. Ama-Amino Acid: Ama-cyanobacteria anobudlelwane ezimpandeni ze-coralloid alungisa i-nitrogen, akhiqize ama-amino acid asekela ukukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa lawo awatholakali ngqo ukuthi angadliwa abantu.
10. I-Fiber: Umongo ocubunguliwe ungahle ube ne-fiber yokudla, esiza ekugayeni ukudla, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kulinganiselwe yisidingo sokukhipha ubuthi obuningi ukuze kususwe izinhlanganisela eziyingozi.
I-Encephalartos altensteinii ayiwona umthombo wokudla osebenzayo ngenxa yobuthi bayo, edinga ukucutshungulwa okude ukuze kwenziwe umongo onesitashi ukuthi udleke. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko kungokomhlobiso noma emithini yendabuko, enobungozi obukhulu empilweni uma ingaphathwa kahle.
Ubufakazi Besayensi kanye Nezifundo Zamacala nge-Encephalartos altensteinii
1. Ukulungiswa kwe-Nitrogen: U-Giddy (1974) wabhala indima yezimpande ze-coralloid ezinhlotsheni ze-Encephalartos, okuhlanganisa i-E. altensteinii, ephawula ukuthi ama-cyanobacteria abo anobudlelwane alungisa i-nitrogen yasemkhathini abe ama-amino acid, esekela ukukhula kwezitshalo. Lokhu kuzuzisa izinhlelo zemvelo ngokungaqondile kodwa akunawo umthelela oqondile empilweni yabantu. (Giddy, C., 1974, Ama-Cycad aseNingizimu Afrika, Purnell, eKapa).
2. Ubunjalo Bemvelo Yokuthuthukisa: Donaldson (1997) wafunda ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ze-Encephalartos, okubandakanya i-E. altensteinii, ethola ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane ngamabhungane nezinyosi kwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwembewu. Nakuba kungeyona inzuzo yezempilo, lokhu kusekela indima yezitshalo kwezemvelo kanye namandla okutshalwa okusimeme. (Donaldson, J. S., 1997, Ingabe ikhona i-floral parasite mutualism ekuthuthukisweni kwe-cycad? Ubunjalo bemvelo yokuthuthukisa ye-Encephalartos villosus, American Journal of Botany, 84, 1398-1406).
3. Isimo Sokulondolozwa: Donaldson (2009) uhlolisise isimo sokulondolozwa se-E. altensteinii, eqaphela ukuba sengozini yayo ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala nokuqoqwa okungekho emthethweni. Nakuba kungahlobene nezempilo, lokhu kugqamisa isidingo sokusetshenziswa okusimeme emikhubeni yendabuko efana nokucutshungulwa kwe-pith. (Donaldson, J. S., 2009, Encephalartos altensteinii, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2010.3).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Ne-Encephalartos altensteinii
1. Ingabe i-Encephalartos altensteinii iphephile ukuyidla?
Cha, inobuthi uma ingacutshungulwa kahle. I-stem pith ingenziwa ukuthi idleke ngokuyingcwaba izinyanga ezimbili ukuze kukhishwe ubuthi, bese iyaxovwa futhi iyabhakwa ibe yisinkwa, kodwa lokhu kuyingozi futhi akutuswa.
2. Yini i-Encephalartos altensteinii esetshenziselwa yona?
Ikakhulukazi isitshalo sokuhlobisa ezingadini futhi isetshenziswa emithini yendabuko. Umongo ngokomlando wawucutshungulwa waba ukudla okunesitashi okubizwa ngokuthi i-broodboom.
3. Kungani ibizwa nge-Eastern Cape Blue Cycad?
Igama libhekisela esifundeni sayo somdabu i-Eastern Cape eNingizimu Afrika kanye namaqabunga ayo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nakuba ihlukile kwi-Eastern Cape Blue Cycad yangempela (E. horridus).
4. I-Encephalartos altensteinii inobuthi kangakanani?
Zonke izingxenye zinobuthi kubantu nezilwane ezifuywayo uma zingeniswa, zibangele ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwamathumbu ngenxa yama-glycosides nezinye izinhlanganisela. Amagilavu kufanele asetshenziswe lapho uphatha.
5. I-Encephalartos altensteinii ikhuliswa kanjani?
Ichuma enhlabathini ekhishwe kahle, enobumba enokunisela njalo ehlobo, kancane ebusika. Ikhetha ilanga eligcwele noma umthunzi okhanyayo futhi iyabekezelela isithwathwa esilula.
6. Yiziphi izilwane ezisebenzisana nale cycad?
Izinyoni ezifana nama-Knysna loeries nezilwane ezincelisayo ezifana nezimfene zidla ungqimba lwangaphandle lwembewu, zihlakaze umongo olukhuni, kuyilapho izinambuzane nezinyosi zithela ama-cone.
7. Kungani i-Encephalartos altensteinii isengozini?
Ibalwe njengengozini ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kogu lolwandle kanye nokuqoqwa okungekho emthethweni kwezentengiselwano zokuhlobisa.
8. Ingabe ingakhuliswa endlini?
Yebo, izitshalo ezincane zingakhuliswa ezitsheni ezinokukhanya okwanele nomswakama, kodwa izitshalo ezikhulile zikulungele kangcono izivande ezinkulu ngenxa yobukhulu bazo.
Ingabe unemibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Siyakukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuzise kulo. Njengoba singenakufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, sikwazisa kakhulu ukusiza kwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokusekelwa kwakho nangokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zokufundisa nokwazisa kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichaziwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha sochwepheshe, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yamakhambi noma yemvelo ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Funda futhi: Ukwakha Izinhlelo Zokudla Ezinamandla: Indima Ye-Agroecology