I-Petchia madagascariensis, eyaziwa kakhulu nge-Madagascar Periwinkle noma i-Rosy Periwinkle, iyisitshalo esiqhakaza kakhulu esinombala ogqamile esingumndeni we-Apocynaceae. Lo mndeni waziwa ngokuba nezitshalo ezinezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha nokuhlobisa. I-Petchia madagascariensis, ngezimbali zayo ezikhazimulayo nezinhlanganisela ezinamandla, inendawo ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni wezitshalo ezihlukahlukene.
Lesi sitshalo esihlala njalo ngokuvamile sikhula sibe ukuphakama okungaba ngamafithi angu-1 kuya ku-1.5 (amasentimitha angu-30 kuya kwangu-45). Inamaqabunga abushelelezi, acwebezelayo, futhi anamanzi amancane ahlelwe ngokuphambene esiqwini. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama futhi amise okwe-elliptical, ngokubukeka okucwebezelayo okwengeza ekukhangeni okubukwayo kwesitshalo.
Isici esithandeka kakhulu se-Petchia madagascariensis yizimbali zayo ezinemibala. Lezi zimbali ziqhakaza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemibala, okuhlanganisa pinki, omhlophe, nelavender. Izimbali zinesimo esihlukile se-funnel esinamacembe amahlanu asabalala ngaphandle. Isizinda sembali sibonisa iqoqo eliphambene lama-stamens akhazimulayo ne-pistil. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemibala nezimo kwenza i-Petchia madagascariensis ibe yintandokazi yezingadi nezingadi.
Izimpande ze-Petchia madagascariensis zinenani elincane futhi azijulile kakhulu, okuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sizimise ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kunomthelela ekukwazini kwayo ukuchuma ezindaweni ezihlukene, okuyenza ibe inketho efaneleke kokubili izingadi zasekhaya kanye nezindawo zemvelo.
I-Petchia madagascariensis ivela eMadagascar, lapho ingatholakala ikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinesimo esiphakathi nendawo. Ibuye yethulwe kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zokwelapha nezokuhlobisa. Endaweni yayo yemvelo, ivamise ukukhula enhlabathini ekhipha amanzi kahle futhi ingakwazi ukubekezelela izikhathi zesomiso.
Izakhiwo zokwelapha zalesi sitshalo zibangelwa ubukhona bama-alkaloids, ikakhulukazi i-vinblastine ne-vincristine. Lawa ma-alkaloid abonise imiphumela enamandla yokulwa nomdlavuza futhi asetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia. Ukwengeza, i-Petchia madagascariensis iqukethe nezinye izinhlanganisela ezifana nama-flavonoid, ama-tannin, nama-saponin, ngalinye linomthelela ezinzuzweni zalo ezingaba khona zempilo.
EMadagascar, lapho ivela khona, i-Petchia madagascariensis inokubaluleka kwamasiko ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokwelapha. Ivamise ukuhlotshaniswa nezinganekwane nemikhuba yendabuko. Izimbali eziqhakazile zalesi sitshalo nokubukeka kwaso okuhlukile kuyenze yaba yingxenye yemigubho yendawo namasiko.
Funda Futhi: 10 Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze-Mikania Natalensis (Imayela Lase-Afrika Ngesivinini Esikhulu)
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze-Petchia madagascariensis (Madagascar Periwinkle)
1. Ukwelapha Isifo Sikashukela: Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo ze-Petchia madagascariensis ilele emandleni ayo okusiza ukuphatha isifo sikashukela. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe izinhlanganisela ezifana nama-alkaloids, okutholakale ukuthi zisehlisa izinga likashukela egazini. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu ababhekene nesifo sikashukela noma abasengozini yokusithuthukisa. Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi i-Petchia madagascariensis ingadala indima ekuthuthukiseni ukuzwela kwe-insulin nokunciphisa ubungozi bezinkinga ezihambisana nesifo sikashukela.
2. Izakhiwo Ezilwa Nomdlavuza: I-Madagascar Periwinkle izuze ukunakwa ngezindawo zayo ezilwa nomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni i-leukemia. Lesi sitshalo siqukethe i-vinblastine ne-vincristine, izinhlanganisela ezithembise ekuvimbeleni ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lezi zinhlanganisela ziphazamisa inqubo yokuhlukanisa amangqamuzana, zizenze izinto ezibalulekile ekwelashweni ngamakhemikhali.
3. Ukulawulwa Komfutho Wegazi: Ukugcina umfutho wegazi unempilo kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. I-Petchia madagascariensis inikeza izinhlanganisela ezinemiphumela ye-vasodilatory, okusho ukuthi zisiza ukwandisa imithambo yegazi, ngaleyo ndlela zehlise umfutho wegazi. Ukufaka okukhishwe noma amalungiselelo avela kulesi sitshalo ohlelweni lwakho lwezempilo kungafaka isandla ekuphathweni komfutho wegazi okungcono.
4. Ukuphulukiswa Kwezilonda: Ngokwesiko, i-Petchia madagascariensis isetshenziselwe ukusiza ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba. Izinto ezikhishwe esitshalweni ziqukethe izinhlanganisela ezinezindawo zokulwa namagciwane ezingavimbela ukutheleleka emanzebeni. Ukwengeza, imiphumela yayo yokulwa nokuvuvukala ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala futhi ithuthukise ukuphulukiswa okusheshayo. Ukusebenzisa i-poultice noma i-ointment eyenziwe ngalesi sitshalo ekusikeni okuncane kanye nokulimala kungashesha inqubo yokuphulukisa.
5. Ukuthuthukisa Ingqondo: Izinhlanganisela ezithile ezitholakala ku-Petchia madagascariensis zibonise ikhono lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo, ukugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nempilo yobuchopho iyonke. Nakuba ucwaningo kulo mkhakha lusaqhubeka, ukufaka lesi sitshalo endleleni yakho yokuphila kungase kusekele inhlalakahle yengqondo njengoba ukhula.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Eziyi-15 Zesihlahla Se-apula LasePeru (Nicandra Physalodes)
Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Ukuze Kutholakale Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ze-Petchia madagascariensis (Madagascar Periwinkle)
1. Itiye Lamakhambi: Ukulungisa itiye lamakhambi ngamaqabunga noma iziqu ze-Petchia madagascariensis kuyindlela evamile yokuyisebenzisa. Ukucwilisa impahla yesitshalo emanzini ashisayo kuvumela izinhlanganisela ezinenzuzo ukuthi zingene eketshezini, okudala isiphuzo esithambile nesithobisayo. Le ndlela ilusizo ikakhulukazi ekusebenziseni izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo ezilawula isifo sikashukela nezinzuzo zaso ezingokwengqondo.
2. Ama-Tincture kanye Nezicubu: Ama-tincture nezicubu zinikeza imithamo egxilile yezinhlanganisela zemithi ye-Petchia madagascariensis. Lezi zingangezwa kalula emanzini, kujusi, noma kwezinye iziphuzo. Amaconsi ambalwa e-tincture noma isicubu angaletha umthamo onamandla wezakhi ezinenzuzo zalesi sitshalo, okwenza kube yindlela ephumelelayo yokufaka izinzuzo zaso zezempilo enkambisweni yakho.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwasendaweni: Ukuze kulashwe amanxeba nezinkinga ezihlobene nesikhumba, i-Petchia madagascariensis ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle. Amaqabunga noma iziqu ezichotshoziwe zingenziwa izifutho noma amakha bese zifakwa ngqo ekusikeni okuncane, emihuzukweni, noma ekucasulweni kwesikhumba. Izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo zokulwa namagciwane nokuvuvukala zingasiza ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokutheleleka futhi zikhuthaze ukuphola okusheshayo.
4. Izithasiselo Zokudla: I-Petchia madagascariensis iyatholakala futhi ngendlela yezithasiselo zokudla. Lezi zithasiselo zivame ukulinganiswa ukuze ziqukethe amanani athile ezinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo zalesi sitshalo. Zinikeza indlela elula yokufaka izinzuzo zezempilo zalesi sitshalo esimisweni sakho sansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi uma ukhetha umthamo olinganisiwe futhi ongaguquki.
5. Imikhuba Yendabuko: Ezifundeni lapho i-Petchia madagascariensis izalelwe khona, imikhuba yendabuko yokwelapha ingabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zalesi sitshalo ezifweni ezithile. Abelaphi bomdabu kanye nemiphakathi bavame ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezihlukile zokulungiselela nokusetshenziswa ngokusekelwe olwazini lwabo lwesiko kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo.
Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi I-Petchia madagascariensis
1. Ukungakhululeki Kwamathumbu: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Petchia madagascariensis noma amalungiselelo ayo kungaholela ekungakhululekeni okuncane kwamathumbu. Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezinjengokucanuzela, ubuhlungu besisu, noma iziphazamiso zokugaya ukudla. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ngokulinganisela futhi unamathele emithamo enconyiwe ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo.
2. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: I-Petchia madagascariensis iqukethe izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezingase zisebenzisane nemithi ethile. Uma usebenzisa imithi kadokotela noma unezimo zezempilo ezingapheli, kubalulekile ukubonana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo njengesengezo. Bangahlola ukusebenzisana okungaba khona futhi banikeze isiqondiso ngokusebenzisa ngokuphepha.
3. Ukusabela Okungekuhle Emzimbeni: Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wemvelo, kungenzeka kube nokusabela okungekuhle emzimbeni kubantu abathintekayo. Kungase kuvele ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, noma ukuvuvukala lapho uthintana nezinto zesitshalo noma izinto ezikhishiwe. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwesiziba ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Petchia madagascariensis endaweni yangakini kungasiza ekuboneni noma yikuphi ukuthambekela kokungezwani komzimba.
4. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baqaphele lapho becabangela ukusebenzisa i-Petchia madagascariensis. Ucwaningo olulinganiselwe luyatholakala ngokuphepha kwayo ngalezi zikhathi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqaphela futhi uthintane nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
5. Umfutho Wegazi Ophansi: Ngenkathi ikhono le-Petchia madagascariensis lokusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi lingaba lusizo, lingabuye libe yingozi uma lisetshenziswe ngokweqile. Imiphumela yesitshalo ye-vasodilatory ingaholela ekwehleni komfutho wegazi kwabanye abantu. Uma unomfutho wegazi ophansi okhona noma usebenzisa imithi ethinta umfutho wegazi, thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo.
6. Imiphumela Yesistimu Yezinzwa Esimaphakathi: Ezinye izinhlanganisela ku-Petchia madagascariensis zingathinta isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Uma usebenzisa imithi esebenza esimisweni sezinzwa, njengama-sedatives noma imithi elwa nokukhathazeka, thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ukugwema ukusebenzisana okungaba khona.
Inani Yokudla YePetchia Madagascariensis (IMadagascar Periwinkle)
1. Ama-Alkaloidi (Vincristine neVinblastine): La ma-terpenoid indole alkaloidi, akhona ngamanani amancane kakhulu (0.01-0.1%), ayizinhlanganisela ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-Madagascar periwinkle, aziwa ngezindawo zawo ezinamandla zokulwa nomdlavuza, asetshenziswa ku-chemotherapy yomdlavuza wegazi kanye ne-lymphoma.
2. Ama-Flavonoidi: Akha u-2-5% wesisindo esomile salesi sitshalo, ama-flavonoidi asebenza njengama-antioxidant, anciphisa ama-free radical futhi anganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative okuhlobene nezifo ezingapheli njengesifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza.
3. Ama-Carbohydrate: Lesi sitshalo sinama-carbohydrate angama-30-40%, ikakhulukazi ngendlela yama-polysaccharide, ahlinzeka ngamandla futhi asekela ukusetshenziswa kwawo emithini yendabuko ekulweni nokukhathala.
4. Ama-Phenolic: Lezi zinhlanganisela, ezingama-1-3%, zinomthelela emandleni alesitshalo e-antioxidant, zivikela amaseli ekulimaleni futhi zisekela imiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala engase izuzise impilo yonke.
5. Ama-Terpenoidi: Ngaphandle kwe-vincristine ne-vinblastine, amanye ama-terpenoidi (cishe u-0.5-1%) kulesi sitshalo angase asekela izindawo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nezilwa nokuvuvukala, asize ekumelaneni nezifo.
6. Ama-Saponini: Atholakala ngo-0.5-2%, ama-saponini angathuthukisa umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba futhi abe nemiphumela engase yehlise i-cholesterol, okuthuthukisa impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
7. I-Ajmalicine: Le alkaloidi, etholakala ezimpandeni naseziqu ezingezansi (0.1-0.3%), yaziwa ngemiphumela yayo ye-antihypertensive, engasiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi emithini yendabuko.
8. I-Catharanthine: Enye i-alkaloid yempande (0.2-0.5%), i-catharanthine ingase ibe nomthelela ezinzuzweni zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi futhi ibonise amandla ezifundweni zangaphambi komtholampilo zemiphumela yokulwa nesifo sikashukela.
9. Amaprotheni: Lesi sitshalo sinikeza okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okungu-5-10%, okuhlanganisa nama-amino acid abalulekile asekela ukulungiswa kwezicubu nokusebenza komzimba, nakuba kungeyona umthombo oyinhloko wokudla.
10. Amavithamini (Vitamin C): I-Madagascar periwinkle iqukethe amanani amancane kavithamini C (10-20 mg/100g wesisindo esisha), esekela impilo yamasosha omzimba futhi isebenza njenge-antioxidant ukulwa nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative.
Ubufakazi Besayensi Nezifundo Zamacala nge-Petchia Madagascariensis (IMadagascar Periwinkle)
1. UKumar et al. (2022): Lokhu kubuyekeza kuchaza izakhiwo ze-ethnobotanical nezomuthi ze-Catharanthus roseus, kuphawula ama-alkaloid ayo (i-vincristine, i-vinblastine) njengaphumelela ekwelapheni umdlavuza onjenge-leukemia kanye ne-Hodgkin’s lymphoma ngokusebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-microtubule, nemiphumela eyengeziwe elwa nesifo sikashukela kanye ne-antimicrobial (Kumar, S., Singh, B., & Singh, R., 2022, Journal of Ethnopharmacology).
2. Chandra Mohan et al. (2015): Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise izingcaphuno zezimpande ze-ethanolic ze-Catharanthus roseus kumagundane anesifo sikashukela esibangelwe i-alloxan, lubonisa ukwehla okuphawulekayo emazingeni kashukela egazini ngenxa yama-alkaloid afana ne-catharanthine, kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela (Chandra Mohan, S., Anand, T., Priyadharshini, G. S., & Balamurugan, V., 2015, International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research).
3. Nejat et al. (2015): Lolu cwaningo lugqamise amandla okulwa nomdlavuza e-vincristine ne-vinblastine, evimbela ukuhlukana kwamangqamuzana ngokubopha i-tubulin, okwenza i-Madagascar periwinkle ibe umthombo obalulekile wemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, yize iphawule ubungozi bobuthi ezinhlotsheni ezingahlanzekile (Nejat, N., et al., 2015, The Scientific World Journal).
4. Dugé de Bernonville et al. (2015): Lolu cwaningo luveze izindlela ze-biosynthetic zama-monoterpene indole alkaloids ku-Catharanthus roseus, luqinisekisa ukuba khona kwama-alkaloid angaphezu kwe-130, ne-vincristine ne-vinblastine zikhombisa ukusebenza kahle ekwelashweni komdlavuza ngenxa yezindlela zazo ezihlukile (Dugé de Bernonville, T., et al., 2015, Phytochemistry).
5. Chan et al. (2016): Lokhu kubuyekeza kuhlole izakhiwo zokulwa nokwanda kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kanye nezokulwa ne-plasmodium ye-Catharanthus roseus, kutholakala ukuthi ama-alkaloid ayo abonisa umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane athile abangela izifo, okusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngokwesiko ezifweni (Chan, E. W., Wong, S. K., & Chan, H. T., 2016, Journal of Integrative Medicine).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Nge-Petchia Madagascariensis (Madagascar Periwinkle)
1. Isetshenziselwa ini i-Madagascar periwinkle emithi na?
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-vincristine ne-vinblastine, ama-alkaloid asetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza njenge-leukemia ne-lymphoma, futhi ngokwesiko ukwelapha isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, nezifo.
2. Ingabe i-Madagascar periwinkle iphephile ukuyidla?
Cha, kungenzeka ukuthi ayiphephile uma ithathwa ngomlomo ngenxa yama-vinca alkaloid anobuthi, angadala isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukulimala kwezinzwa, ngisho nokufa. Kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha.
3. Ingabe i-Madagascar periwinkle ingasiza ngomdlavuza?
Yebo, ama-alkaloid ayo i-vincristine ne-vinblastine agunyazwe yi-FDA ukuthi asetshenziswe ekwelapheni umdlavuza, elapha ngempumelelo umdlavuza njenge-leukemia ne-lymphoma, kodwa kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezihlanzekile, zezokwelapha.
4. Isetshenziswa kanjani i-Madagascar periwinkle ngokwesiko?
Emithini yendabuko, isetshenziswa njengomuthi wetiye noma i-extract yesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, umphimbo obuhlungu, nezinkinga zokuya esikhathini, nakuba ubufakazi besayensi balokhu kusetshenziswa bulinganiselwe.
5. Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa iMadagascar periwinkle?
Yebo, imiphumela emibi ifaka isicanucanu, ukuphuma kwezinwele, izinkinga zemizwa, ushukela ophansi egazini, kanye nobuthi obungabulala uma idliwe ngendlela engafanele. Njalo thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo.
6. Ingabe iMadagascar periwinkle ingakhulelwa ekhaya?
Yebo, isitshalo esithandwayo sokuhlobisa ngenxa yezimbali zaso ezipinki noma ezimhlophe nokuqina ezindaweni ezifudumele, kodwa akufanele idliwe ngenxa yobuthi bayo.
7. Ingabe iMadagascar periwinkle inezakhiwo ze-antioxidant?
Yebo, ama-flavonoid nama-phenolic ayo ahlinzeka ngemiphumela ye-antioxidant, okungenzeka ukuthi inciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nakuba lezi ziwumphumela wesibili ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezokwelapha okusekelwe ku-alkaloid.
8. Ingabe iMadagascar periwinkle iyefana ne-periwinkle evamile?
Cha, iMadagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) ihlukile kwi-periwinkle evamile (Vinca minor), enezimpawu zamakhemikhali ezahlukene nokusetshenziswa, nakuba zombili zingezomndeni wakwa-Apocynaceae.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Siphinde sikukhuthaze ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singenakufinyelela kuwo wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, sikwazisa ngempela usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngokusekelwa kwakho nangokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo nezolwazi kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichaziwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Aziyona indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yamakhambi noma yemvelo ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Funda futhi: Izinzuzo Ezimangalisayo Zokulima Ngokunemba