I-Momordica balsamina, eyaziwa kakhulu nge-Balsam Apple, isitshalo esithakazelisayo esingumndeni wakwa-Cucurbitaceae, ohlanganisa amakhukhamba, amathanga, namakhabe. Lo muzambalazo wasezindaweni ezishisayo uvela ezifundeni zase-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika futhi waziwa kabanzi ngokubukeka kwawo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo zawo zokwelapha. Ake singene emininingwaneni yezitshalo yalesi sitshalo esiphawulekayo:
I-Balsam Apple iwumzambalazo okhuphukayo, ohlala njalo iminyaka eminingi ongamila ufinyelele kumamitha angu-5 ubude. Indlela ekhula ngayo iyenza ikwazi ukusonqoba izakhiwo nezinye izitshalo, isebenzisa izindwani ukuze isekeleke. Lo muzambalazo ukhiqiza amaqabunga amise okwenhliziyo angaba ngamasentimitha angu-5 kuya ku-12 ubude. La maqabunga aluhlaza futhi anomkhawulo ocwiliswe kancane.
Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane ezitshalweni ezihlukene, okuyisici esivamile ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-Cucurbitaceae. Izimbali ziphuzi futhi zibonisa isakhiwo esinamacembe amahlanu. Izimbali zesilisa zivame ukuba ngaphezu kwezimbali zesifazane emvinini. Inkathi yokuqhakaza iyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zemvelo kodwa ngokuvamile yenzeka ezinyangeni ezifudumele.
Isithelo se-Momordica balsamina singesinye sezici zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu. Sifana nekhukhamba elincane noma igourd, elinokuthungwa kwangaphandle okunamajikijiki. Isithelo sishintsha umbala njengoba sivuthwa, sishintsha sisuka kokuluhlaza saya kokunsomi futhi ekugcineni sibe bomvu obukhanyayo lapho sesivuthwe ngokugcwele. Ngaphakathi kwesithelo kunembewu eminingi evalelwe ku-pulp enamanzi, enezintambo. Imbewu iyacaba futhi izungezwe yi-aril emhlophe.
I-Balsam Apple ilungele izimo zezulu ezifudumele nezimanzi, ichuma ezindaweni ezishisayo nezifudumele. Imvamisa itholakala emagcekeni avulekile, ezindleleni zomgwaqo, nasezindaweni eziphazamisekile. Ngenxa yemvelo yayo yokukhuphuka, ivamise ukukhula eceleni kwezinye izitshalo, izisebenzisa njengosekelo.
Kuwo wonke umlando, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zeMomordica balsamina ziye zasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zendabuko zemithi. Amasiko ahlukahlukene aye asebenzisa lesi sitshalo ukwelapha izimo ezinjengokuthi isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, izifo zesikhumba, nokuningi. Ubuhlungu balesi sitshalo buyisici esihlukile futhi imvamisa buhlotshaniswa nezakhiwo zaso zokwelapha.
Ukutshala i-Balsam Apple kudinga indawo efudumele nelanga. Lesi sitshalo sikhetha inhlabathi evundile, egeleza kahle futhi siyazuza ekuthenisiselweni njalo. Ingatshalwa ngezinhlamvu, okufanele zitshalwe ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokugcina endaweni efanele. Umkhuba wokukhuphuka walo mgijimi udinga ukunikezwa ama-trellises noma ezinye izakhiwo zokusekela.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha Eziyi-10 ze Heptapleurum arboricola (Isihlahla sesambulela esincane)
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze Momordica balsamina (I-Balsam Apple)
1. Ukulawulwa Kukashukela Osegazini: Enye yezinzuzo ezaziwa kakhulu zeMomordica balsamina yikhono layo lokusiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini. Izinhlanganisela zalesi sitshalo zisebenza njenge-insulin yemvelo, esiza ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela.
2. Usizo Lokugaya Ukudla: Izakhi ezibabayo ze-Balsam Apple zikhuthaza ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla, zithuthukise ukugaya futhi ziqede izinkinga ezinjengokuqunjelwa nokungagayeki kahle kokudla.
3. Ukusekelwa Kwamasosha Omzimba: Lesi sitshalo, esicebile ngama-antioxidant namavithamini, sikhuthaza amasosha omzimba, sisiza umzimba ukuba ulwe nokutheleleka nezifo ngempumelelo.
4. Ukulawulwa Kwesisindo: I-Momordica balsamina ingasiza ekulawulweni kwesisindo ngokuthuthukisa umzimba kanye nokunciphisa isifiso sokudla, okuyenza ibe umngane ongaba khona kulabo abahlose ukunciphisa isisindo.
5. Impilo Yesikhumba: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Balsam Apple ngaphandle kunganciphisa izimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema, izinduna, ne-psoriasis, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nezibulala-magci.
6. Izenzo Zokulwa Nokuvuvukala: Izinhlanganisela zokulwa nokuvuvukala zalesi sitshalo zenza kube usizo ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, okungase kunikeze ukukhululeka ezimweni ezifana nesifo samathambo.
7. Ukukhululeka Kokuphefumula: I-Momordica balsamina isetshenziswe ngokwesiko ukunciphisa izinkinga zokuphefumula, ezihlanganisa ukukhwehlela nokuminyana.
8. Izakhiwo Zokulwa Namagciwane: Izinto ezikhishwe kulesi sitshalo zibonisa imiphumela yokulwa namagciwane, engaba usizo ekulweni nezifo ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane.
9. Ukususwa Kobuthi Esibindini: Isekela impilo yesibindi ngokusiza izinqubo zokukhipha ubuthi, isiza isibindi ukuba sikhiphe ubuthi emzimbeni.
10. Ama-Antioxidant Anamandla: Ama-antioxidant e-Balsam Apple aqeda ama-radicals mahhala ayingozi, anegalelo empilweni enhle nenhlalakahle.
11. Impilo Yenhliziyo Nemithambo: Izinhlanganisela ezitholakala kulesi sitshalo zinegalelo empilweni yenhliziyo ngokunciphisa amazinga e-cholesterol futhi zisekela ukulawulwa komfutho wegazi ofanele.
12. Ukunciphisa Ubuhlungu Ngokwemvelo: I-Momordica balsamina isetshenziswe ngokwesiko ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokungakhululeki, inikeza enye indlela yemvelo emithini yezinhlungu ethengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawunta.
13. Ukuphulukisa Amanxeba: Uma isetshenziswe ngaphezulu, i-Balsam Apple isheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba futhi inciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane.
14. Ukuphathwa Kwezifo Ezibangelwa Izilokazane: Imiphumela yalesi sitshalo elwa nezilokazane isenza sibe yigugu ekuqondiseni izifo ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa izilokazane.
15. Ukunethezeka Kwe-Gastrointestinal: Kunganciphisa ukungakhululeki kwe-gastrointestinal, okwenza kube usizo ezimeni ezifana nokungagayeki kahle kokudla nezilonda.
16. Ukunciphisa Izimpawu Zokuya Esikhathini: I-Balsam Apple isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinkinga zokuya esikhathini nokudambisa ubuhlungu bokuya esikhathini.
17. Izakhiwo Ezingaba Khona Zokulwa Nomdlavuza: Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi izinhlanganisela ezithile kulesi sitshalo zingaba nemiphumela engaba khona yokulwa nomdlavuza, nakuba kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.
18. Amandla Okulwa Namagciwane: Kungase kube nomthelela ekuvikelweni kwamagciwane, kusize umzimba ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kwamagciwane.
19. Inhlalakahle Ye-Neurological: I-Balsam Apple ibonisa isithembiso ekusekeleni impilo yobuchopho nokusebenza kwengqondo, nakuba ucwaningo lusaqhubeka.
20. Ukuphathwa Kokungezwani Komzimba Nezakhi Ezithile: Izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo ezilwa nokungezwani komzimba nezakhi ezithile zinganikeza ukukhululeka ezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba nezakhi ezithile.
Funda Futhi: Imbewu Yesoya: Ukubaluleka Kwezomnotho, Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nemikhiqizo Eyenziwe Ngayo
Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Ukuze Uzuze Izinzuzo Zempilo Ze- Momordica balsamina (I-Balsam Apple)
1. Ukudla Isithelo Esisha: Isithelo esivuthiwe se-Momordica balsamina singadliwa ngqo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isithelo sinokunambitheka okubabayo, okuyinto evamile ezinhlanganisweni zaso zemithi. Ukudla ingxenye encane yesithelo nsuku zonke kungasiza ngokulawula ushukela egazini, ukugaya ukudla, nokusekela amasosha omzimba.
2. Itiye Lemithi Elenziwe Ekhaya: Lungisa itiye lemithi ngokucwilisa amaqabunga omisiwe e-Momordica balsamina emanzini ashisayo cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15. Leli tiye lingadliwa nsuku zonke ukusekela ukugaya ukudla, ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba, nokujabulela izinzuzo zalesi sitshalo zokulwa nokuvuvukala.
3. Ama-Tincture kanye nama-Extract: Ama-tincture noma ama-extract awuketshezi e-Momordica balsamina angatholakala ezitolo zezempilo. Lezi zinhlobo ezigxilisiwe zikuvumela ukuthi ungeze kalula izinhlanganisela ezizuzisayo zalesi sitshalo esimisweni sakho. Landela umthamo onconyiwe oselebula yomkhiqizo noma uthintane nochwepheshe wezempilo.
4. Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo: Ezinkingeni ezihlobene nesikhumba, ungalungisa umuthi wokugcoba wendawo noma ukhilimu usebenzisa ama-extract e-Momordica balsamina. Yisebenzise ezindaweni ezithintekile ukuze unciphise izimo ezifana ne-eczema, izinduna, kanye ne-psoriasis.
5. Ama-Capsule kanye nezi-Supplement: Ama-capsule nezi-supplement eziqukethe ama-extract e-Momordica balsamina ayimpuphu ayatholakala ukuze zisetshenziswe kalula. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo yomthamo enikezwe kwiphakheji yomkhiqizo.
6. Ukusetshenziswa Kwamasiko Okupheka: Kwezinye izizwe, i-Momordica balsamina ifakwa ezitsheni zokupheka. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokunambitheka kwayo okubabayo, ivame ukusetshenziswa ngamanani amancane ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka ngenkathi isanikeza izinzuzo zezempilo.
Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi i-Momordica balsamina
1. Ubungozi be-Hypoglycemia: Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu yithuba le-hypoglycemia (ushukela ophantsi egazini) lapho udla i-Momordica balsamina. Lokhu kufaneleka ikakhulukazi kubantu asebevele bephuza imishanguzo yesifo sikashukela. Ikhono lemvelo le-Balsam Apple lokwehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini lingaholela emazingeni aphansi ayingozi uma lihlanganiswa nemithi ethile. Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanesifo sikashukela bathinte uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Balsam Apple ukuphatha ushukela egazini.
2. Ukungakhululeki Kwamathumbu: Ukunambitheka okubabayo kwe-Balsam Apple kungadala ukungakhululeki kwamathumbu, okuhlanganisa ukuqunjelwa yisisu, isicanucanu, kanye nohudo, uma idliwe ngokweqile. Ukulinganisela kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema ukungakhululeki okunjalo.
3. Ukungezwani Komzimba: Abantu abangagculiseki kwamanye amalungu omndeni wakwaCucurbitaceae (njengamakhukhamba, amakhabe, noma amathanga) bangase bazwele i-Momordica balsamina. Ukungezwani komzimba kungasukela ekucasulweni kwesikhumba okuncane kuya ezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu. Uma wazi ukuthi awuzwani nalezi zitshalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuqapha.
4. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-Momordica balsamina, njengoba ukuphepha kwayo ngalezi zikhathi kungakafundwa kahle. Imiphumela engaba khona embungwini okhulayo noma enganeni ayaziwa.
5. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: Amandla e-Momordica balsamina okuthinta amazinga kashukela egazini angasebenzisana nemithi yesifo sikashukela, okuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma usebenzisa eminye imithi, kubalulekile ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Balsam Apple ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungenzeka.
6. Impilo Yesibindi: Ngenkathi i-Balsam Apple ingasekela impilo yesibindi uma isetshenziswe ngokulinganisela, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaba nemiphumela emibi esibindini. Thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa uma unezimo zesibindi ezikhona.
7. Isiyezi Nokukhathala: Kwezinye izimo, imiphumela ye-Momordica balsamina yokwehlisa ushukela egazini ingaholela ekuzizweni unesiyezi noma ukhathala, ikakhulukazi uma idliwe isisu singenalutho.
8. Ukusebenzisana Nokuhlinzwa: Njengoba i-Balsam Apple ingathinta amazinga kashukela egazini, kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uhlelelwe ukuhlinzwa. Ukulungiswa kwemithi kungase kudingeke ukuvimbela izinkinga ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlinza.
9. Ukucindezeleka Kokugaya Ukudla: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Momordica balsamina kungabangela ukucindezeleka kokugaya ukudla, okuhlanganisa nobuhlungu besisu nokungakhululeki. Kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa ngokulinganisela futhi ulandele imithamo enconyiwe.
Inani Lokudla Okunomsoco le-Momordica Balsamina (I-Balsam Apple)
1. Amaprotheni: Amaqabunga e-Momordica balsamina ayumthombo ocebile wamaprotheni, nezifundo ezibika ngokuqukethwe kwamaprotheni okungu-19.72–29.08%, okuphakeme kakhulu emaqabungeni, esekela ukulungiswa kwemisipha nokukhula njengengxenye ebalulekile yokudla.
2. Ama-Amino Acid: Lesitshalo siqukethe ama-amino acid angu-17, okubalwa kuwo i-isoleucine, i-leucine, ne-valine, edlula izidingo ze-WHO/FAO/UNU zezingane, nakuba ama-amino acid aqukethe isulfure elinganiselwe kubantu abadala, esiza emisebenzini ye-metabolic.
3. Ama-Flavonoid: Lezi zinhlanganisela ze-antioxidant zisiza ukunciphisa ama-free radical, okungenzeka kwehlise ingozi yezifo ezingamahlalakhona nokusekela impilo yamaselula uma idliwa njengengxenye yokudla.
4. Ama-Polyphenol: Amazinga aphezulu ama-polyphenol, njenge-gallic acid, anegalelo emsebenzini we-antioxidant, avikela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala, okuzuzisa impilo yonke.
5. Ama-Terpene: Ama-triterpenoid ohlobo lwe-Cucurbitane, njengama-cucurbitacin, akhona, anikeza izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane nokuvuvukala, okungase kusekele impilo yamasosha omzimba uma kusetshenziswa emithini yesintu.
6. Ama-Carotenoid: Ama-carotenoid amaningi emacembe, njenge-beta-carotene, akhuthaza impilo yamehlo, umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, nempilo yesikhumba, asebenza njengezandulela zikavithamini A.
7. Uvithamini C: Uvithamini C otholwa emacembeni nasezithelweni ezisencane uqinisa amasosha omzimba, usekela ukwakheka kwe-collagen, futhi uthuthukisa ukuzivikela kwe-antioxidant, okwenza kube umsoco obalulekile kulesi sitshalo.
8. Amaminerali: Amacembe ahlinzeka ngenani elikhulu le-potassium (1,320 mg/100g), i-calcium (941 mg/100g), i-magnesium (220 mg/100g), ne-iron (60.3 mg/100g), esekela impilo yamathambo, umsebenzi wemisipha, nokuthuthwa komoya-mpilo.
9. I-Dietary Fiber: Amacembe nezithelo zalesi sitshalo ziqukethe i-dietary fiber, esiza ekugayeni ukudla, ikhuthaza impilo yamathumbu, futhi ingase yehlise amazinga e-cholesterol.
10. Ama-Saponin: Lezi zinhlanganisela zingase zibe nomthelela ekunciphiseni kwe-cholesterol nokusekela amasosha omzimba, nakuba ukugxila kwazo kuphakathi, okwengeza kuphrofayela yezakhi zalesi sitshalo.
I-Momordica balsamina, ikakhulukazi amaqabunga ayo nezithelo ezisencane, imifino egcwele izakhamzimba ekudleni kwase-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara, enikeza inhlanganisela yamaprotheni, amavithamini, amaminerali kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-bioactive ezisekela izici ezihlukahlukene zempilo uma idliwa njengemifino eluhlaza ephekiwe noma emalungiselelweni endabuko.
Ubufakazi Besayensi Nezifundo Zamacala nge-Momordica Balsamina
1. Hassan et al. (2006): Lolu cwaningo luhlaziye ukwakheka kokudla okunomsoco kwamaqabunga e-Momordica balsamina, lwathola ama-amino acid angu-17 nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali (isb., i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium). Okutholakele kuphakamisa ukuthi amaqabunga ayisithasiselo esibalulekile sokulungisa ukuntuleka kwamaminerali (Hassan, L. G., & Umar, K. J., 2006).
2. Flyman et al. (2007): Abacwaningi bahlaziye ukwakheka kwe-proximate kanye namaminerali amaqabunga e-Momordica balsamina e-Botswana, beqinisekisa amaprotheni aphezulu (afika ku-29.08%) kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali, besekela indima yawo njengemifino yasendle engasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukuze kuvikeleke ekudleni okunomsoco (Flyman, M. V., & Afolayan, A. J., 2007).
3. Ramalhete et al. (2016): Lolu cwaningo luhlukanise ama-triterpenoid ohlobo lwe-cucurbitane kusuka ku-Momordica balsamina, lubonisa ikhono lawo lokuhlehlisa ukumelana nemithi eminingi kumaseli omdlavuza ngokuvimbela i-P-glycoprotein, okugqamisa ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona kokulwa nomdlavuza (Ramalhete, C., Mulhovo, S., Molnar, J., & Ferreira, M. U., 2016).
4. Kaushik et al. (2017): Ucwaningo lutholwe ama-triterpenoid ezithelo ze-Momordica balsamina, ebonisa imiphumela ephawulekayo yokwehlisa ushukela egazini ku-vitro, lisekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela (Kaushik, U., Aeri, V., Showkat, R. M., & Ali, M., 2017).
5. Coleman et al. (2022): Ikhishini leqabunga le-Momordica balsamina litholakale liqukethe iphrotheni entsha (MoMo30) enomsebenzi olwa ne-HIV-1, evimbela ukukhiqizwa kwamagciwane, okuphakamisa amandla okuthuthukiswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane (Coleman, M. I., Khan, M., Gbodossou, E., et al., 2022).
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Mayelana Ne-Momordica Balsamina
1. Isetshenziselwa ini i-Momordica balsamina?
Isetshenziswa njengemifino e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, iphekwe njengesipinashi noma yengezwe ezidlweni, nasemithini yendabuko yokwelapha isifo sikashukela, umalaleveva, izimo zesikhumba, nezinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
2. Ingabe i-Momordica balsamina iphephile ukuyidla?
Amaqabunga amancane nezithelo eziluhlaza ziyadliwa uma ziphekiwe, kodwa izithelo ezivuthiwe nembewu kungase kube nobuthi, okubangela ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo uma zidliwe ziluhlaza.
3. Ingabe i-Momordica balsamina ingasiza yini ngesifo sikashukela?
Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ama-triterpenoid ayo angase ehlise amazinga kashukela egazini, kusekele ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela, nakuba kuphakanyiswa ukubonisana nodokotela.
4. Yiziphi izakhamzimba eziku-Momordica balsamina?
Iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, ama-amino acid, amavithamini (ikakhulukazi uvithamini C), amaminerali (i-potassium, i-calcium, i-iron), nezinhlanganisela ze-bioactive njengama-flavonoid nama-carotenoid.
5. Ilungiswa kanjani i-Momordica balsamina?
Amaqabunga nezithelo ezisencane ngokuvamile ziyabiliswa noma ziphekwe ngamandongomane noma ngobhatata ukuze kuqedwe ubuthi obungaba khona futhi kuthuthukiswe ukunambitheka.
6. Ingabe i-Momordica balsamina inayo yini imiphumela emibi?
Izithelo ezivuthiwe eziluhlaza zingase zibangele ukucindezeleka kwamathumbu. Njalo pheka isitshalo futhi uthintane nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze usetshenziswe njengomuthi.
7. Ikhula kuphi i-Momordica balsamina?
Idabuka e-Afrika eshisayo, e-Asia nase-Australia, ichuma enhlabathini enesihlabathi, enobumba noma eyibumba ezindaweni ezinotshani, emahlathini nasezindaweni eziphazamisekile.
8. Ingabe i-Momordica balsamina ingasetshenziselwa izimo zesikhumba?
Amaqabunga ayo nezithelo ezikhishiwe ngokwesiko zisetshenziselwa ukusha, izinduna, nama-edema ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antimicrobial.
Unemibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Siyakukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, siwazisa ngempela usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokweseka kwakho nangokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinhloso zemfundo kanye nokwazisa kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichaziwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa okuvela kochwepheshe. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yemvelo noma imithi yezempilo ngezinjongo zezokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Indima Yokufuywa Kwezilwane Ohlelweni Lokudla Oluzinzile