I-Margaritaria discoidea, eyaziwa kakhulu nge-Margaritaria noma i-Mvuvhuhu, isitshalo esihlukile esingaphansi komndeni we-Phyllanthaceae. Lesi sihlahla esincane kuya kwesilinganiso sinobunjalo obuyingqayizivele obusihlukanisa nombuso wezitshalo.
Amaqabunga e-Margaritaria discoidea aluhlaza okotshani futhi ayindilinga. Ahlelwe ngokushintshana ezihlahleni futhi anokubukeka okucwebezelayo. Amaqabunga angahluka ngosayizi, amaqabunga avuthiwe abe cishe ngamasentimitha angu-3-10 ubude. Imiphetho yamaqabunga ibushelelezi, futhi imithambo igqamile, okwenza isitshalo sikhange ngokuphelele.
Izimbali ze-Margaritaria discoidea azibalulekile kangako, kodwa zidlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wokuzala wesitshalo. Lezi zimbali ezincane, eziphuzi-luhlaza zizalwa ngamaqoqo ezingalweni. Izimbali ngazinye azinazo izimbali ezikhombisayo kodwa ziklanywe ngobuciko ukwenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa impova.
Esinye sezici ezihlukile ze-Margaritaria discoidea izikhwebu zaso zezithelo, ezinikeza isitshalo igama laso. Izikhwebu zifana namaparele, futhi lokhu kufana lapho igama lesayensi elithi “Margaritaria” livela khona (“margarita” elisho “iparele” ngesiLatini). Lezi zikhwebu eziyindilinga ziqukethe imbewu futhi ziyisici esibalulekile sobunikazi bokubukeka kwesitshalo.
Izinhlamvu ezingaphakathi kwemiphongolo yezithelo zincane futhi zinezindawo ezicwebezelayo, ezibushelelezi. Zivame ukufaniswa namaparele ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo, okuqinisa igama elivamile lalesi sitshalo. Lezi zinhlamvu zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuzaleni kwalesi sitshalo, njengoba zisakazwa kwezinye izindawo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa umoya, amanzi, noma izilwane.
I-Margaritaria discoidea ivela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene e-Afrika. Ikhula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amahlathi, amathafa, nezindawo ezinezimila. Ukukwazi kwalesi sitshalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukene kusize ekusabalaleni kwaso kulo lonke izwekazi.
Kuzo zonke izifunda zakhona, i-Margaritaria discoidea inokubaluleka kwamasiko nokwesintu. Imiphakathi yangakubo iye yazi izindawo zayo zokwelapha futhi yayihlanganisa emikhubeni yayo yokuphulukisa. Ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele kwalesi sitshalo, ikakhulukazi imiphongolo yaso efana “namaparele”, nakho kuholele ekufakweni kwaso ezinganekwaneni nasezindabeni.
Ngenxa yokusabalala kwayo okubanzi nokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, i-Margaritaria discoidea ayibonakali isengozini ngokushesha. Nokho, njengoba kunjalo ngezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nezinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba kungathonya izibalo zayo. Ukuqhubeka nokuqapha nemizamo yokongiwa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kwalesi sitshalo esihlaba umxhwele nezinzuzo zaso ezihlukahlukene.
Funda Futhi: 20 Izinzuzo Zempilo Zokwelapha ze-Erythrophleum couminga (Ukhokho wase-Afrika)
Izinzuzo Zempilo Zokwelapha ze-Margaritaria discoidea (Margaritaria)
1. Umsebenzi Olwa Namagciwane kanye Nesikhunta: Izicatshulo zeMargaritaria discoidea zinamandla amakhulu okulwa namagciwane kanye nokubulala isikhunta. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza ibe umthombo obalulekile wokulwa nezifo ezibangelwa uhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezincane.
2. Imiphumela Elwa Nokuvuvukala: Izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive zalesi sitshalo zibonisa imiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala. Lokhu kwenza iMargaritaria discoidea ibe ikhambi elingaba khona lokuphatha izimo zokuvuvukala njenge-arthritis nezinye izifo ezibonakala ngokuvuvukala.
3. Ukuphulukiswa Kwezilonda: Imithi yendabuko ivame ukusebenzisa izicatshulo zeMargaritaria ekunakekeleni izilonda. Izinhlanganisela zalesi sitshalo kukholakala ukuthi zisheshisa inqubo yokuphulukisa, zinciphise ingozi yokutheleleka, futhi zisize ekuvuseleleni izicubu.
4. Ukusekela Ukugaya Ukudla: IMargaritaria discoidea isetshenziselwa ukubhekana nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokugaya ukudla. Izakhiwo zayo ezithambisayo zingadambisa ukungakhululeki okubangelwa ukungagayeki kahle kokudla, ukuqunjelwa, nezinye iziphazamiso zamathumbu.
5. Ukuzivikela Kwe-Antioxidant: Inothile kuma-antioxidant, iMargaritaria discoidea isiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative nomonakalo obangelwa ama-radicals mahhala ayingozi. Ama-antioxidant adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impilo enhle nokuphila kahle.
6. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamasosha Omzimba: Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kweMargaritaria kusikisela ukuthi kungasekela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba. Ukuqinisa ukusabela komzimba kuyasiza umzimba ukuthi ulwe nezifo futhi ulondoloze impilo enhle.
7. Ukuphathwa Komkhuhlane: Kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha zendabuko, iMargaritaria discoidea isetshenzisiwe ukusiza ukunciphisa umkhuhlane nokudambisa izimpawu ezihambisana nawo.
8. Ukunciphisa Ubuhlungu Ngokwemvelo: Izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo zokuqeda izinhlungu zingaletha impumuzo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zobuhlungu, okuhlanganisa nekhanda nobuhlungu bomzimba.
9. Impilo Yokuphefumula: Izithako ze-Margaritaria zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela, i-bronchitis, nokunye ukungaphatheki kahle kokuphefumula.
10. Imiphumela Engaba Khona Yokulwa Nesifo Sikashukela: Ucwaningo oluthile luphakamisa ukuthi i-Margaritaria discoidea ingase ibe nendima ekuphathweni kwesifo sikashukela ngokusiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini. Noma kunjalo, kudingeka izifundo ezijulile ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwayo.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Eziyi-10 Zokwelapha ze-Craspidospermum (Craspidospermum verticillatum)
Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Ukuze Kutholakale Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ze-Margaritaria discoidea (Margaritaria)
1. Ama-Herbal Teas: Enye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-Margaritaria discoidea ngokulungiselela ama-herbal teas. Ukwenza itiye, amaqabunga omisiwe, izimpande, noma amagxolo abilisiwe emanzini. Umphumela wokumnika uyabe uhlungwa bese usetshenziswa njengesiphuzo esifudumele noma esipholile. Le ndlela ilungele kakhulu ukwelapha izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba, nokuthola izinzuzo ze-antioxidant zalesi sitshalo.
2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwasendaweni: Amaqabunga eMargaritaria discoidea achotshoziwe noma ayimpuphu angasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ezilondeni, ekusikeni, noma ekucasukeni kwesikhumba njengama-poultice. Lama-poultice asiza ukukhuthaza ukuphola kwamanxeba, anciphise ukuvuvukala, futhi avimbele ukutheleleka. Izakhiwo zamaqabunga zokulwa namagciwane kanye nokuphulukisa amanxeba ziwenza ube ikhambi lemvelo elibalulekile lezifo zangaphandle.
3. Ukufakwa kanye nama-Decoctions: Ukufakwa kanye nama-decoctions kufaka ukufakwa kwezingxenye zezitshalo emanzini ashisayo ukukhipha izinhlanganisela zazo ezinenzuzo. Ukufakwa kufanelekile ezingxenyeni zezitshalo ezintekenteke njengamaqabunga nezimbali, kuyilapho ama-decoctions asetshenziselwa izingxenye eziqinile njengezimpande namagxolo. Lokhu oketshezi kungadliwa ngomlomo ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zempilo, kusukela ekungakhululekini kokuphefumula kuya ezinkingeni zokugaya ukudla.
4. Ukuhogela Umusi: Ngokwempilo yokuphefumula, kusetshenziswa ukuhogela umusi. Amaqabunga eMargaritaria discoidea abilayo noma izithako ezikhishiwe zengezwa emanzini ashisayo, bese kuhogelwa umusi. Le ndlela ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuqunjelwa, ukukhwehlela, nezinye izimpawu zokuphefumula.
5. Amafutha Okubhucunga nama-Balm: Ukufaka izithako ezikhishiwe zeMargaritaria discoidea emafutheni athwala kungakha amafutha okubhucunga noma ama-balm. Lezi zilungiselelo zisetshenziswa ngaphandle ukunikeza ukukhululeka ebuhlungwini, ekuvuvukeni nasezinhlungwini zemisipha ngokusebenzisa isicelo sendawo.
6. Ama-Capsules nama-Tinctures: Kwezinye izimo, izithako ezikhishiwe zeMargaritaria discoidea zifakwa kuma-capsules noma zilungiswe njengama-tinctures. Ama-Capsules alula kulabo abakhetha umthamo olinganiselwe, kuyilapho ama-tinctures afaka ukufakwa kwezingxenye zezitshalo otshwaleni noma kwenye i-solvent ukudala izithako eziwuketshezi ezigxilile.
7. Izinhlanganisela Zesintu: Ezinhlelweni zezokwelapha zesintu, i-Margaritaria discoidea ivamise ukusetshenziswa kanye neminye imithi yokwenza izinhlanganisela ezikhethekile. Lezi zinhlanganisela zenzelwe ukuxazulula izinkinga ezithile zempilo futhi zivamise ukulungiswa ngabasebenzi abanolwazi.
Imiphumela Engemihle Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi I-Margaritaria discoidea
1. Ukungakhululeki Esiswini: Kwabanye abantu, ukudla amalungiselelo e-Margaritaria discoidea, ikakhulukazi ngamanani aphezulu, kungaholela ekungakhululeki esiswini njengokucanuzela, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo.
2. Ukungezwani Komzimba: Kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokungezwani komzimba ne-Margaritaria discoidea, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaziwa ngokungezwani nezitshalo ezingaphakathi komndeni we-Phyllanthaceae noma izinhlobo ezihlobene nazo.
3. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: Uma uphuza imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta amazinga kashukela egazini, umfutho wegazi, noma ukugeleza kwegazi, thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Margaritaria discoidea. Izinhlanganisela zalesi sitshalo zingasebenzisana nemithi ethile, okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo.
4. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Ulwazi olulinganiselwe luyatholakala mayelana nokuphepha kokusebenzisa i-Margaritaria discoidea ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa. Kuyalulekwa ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abancelisayo baqaphele futhi bafune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo.
5. Izingane Nabantu Abadala: Kufanele kuqikelelwe ngokukhethekile lapho kunikezwa i-Margaritaria discoidea ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala. Imithamo kufanele ilungiswe ngokufanele futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe wezempilo.
6. Umthamo Nokulungiselela: Ukusebenzisa amanani amakhulu eMargaritaria discoidea noma ukudla izinhlanganisela ezingalungiselelwe kahle kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Landela imithamo enconyiwe nezindlela zokulungiselela ukuze unciphise lezi zingozi.
7. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi Eside: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngokweqile kweMargaritaria discoidea kungaholela emiphumeleni ehlanganisiwe noma ekusebenzisaneni neminye imithi noma izithasiselo. Kungakuhle ukuthi ubuyekeze ukusetshenziswa kwayo njalo nochwepheshe wezempilo.
8. Ukuzwela Komuntu Ngamunye: Abantu basabela ngokuhlukile emithini yamakhambi. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu babhekane nemiphumela emibi ngisho nokusetshenziswa okusesilinganisweni kweMargaritaria discoidea. Naka ukusabela komzimba wakho bese uyayeka ukuyisebenzisa uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi ukusabela okungekuhle.
Inani Lokudla ElikwiMargaritaria discoidea
1. Amaprotheni: Amaqabunga e-Margaritaria discoidea aqukethe cishe ama-15.6% amaprotheni aluhlaza, okwenza abe umthombo wamaprotheni obalulekile emfundeni futhi angaba yinsiza kubantu uma esekhishwe ubuthi. Amaprotheni asekela ukukhula nokulungiswa kwemisipha, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokushoda kwezakhamzimba.
2. Ama-Carbohydrate: Amaqabunga nembewu cishe aqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ngokuyinhloko izitashi, anikeza amandla. Inani eliqondile alibhaliwe kahle, kodwa indima yabo njengokudla okwengeziwe iphakamisa okuqukethwe okulingene kwe-carbohydrate.
3. I-Fiber: Amaqabunga acebile nge-fiber, enegalelo empilweni yokugaya ukudla. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-fiber kusiza ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwamathumbu futhi kusekela i-gut microbiota, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa njengokudla.
4. I-Calcium: Amaqabunga aqukethe i-calcium, nakuba amazinga athile enganqunywa ezifundweni ezitholakalayo. I-calcium isekela impilo yamathambo nokusebenza kwemisipha, ithuthukisa amandla okudla okunomsoco wesitshalo sokudla kwezilwane.
5. Insimbi: Kukhona inani elincane lensimbi emaqabungeni, elisekela ukuthuthwa komoya-mpilo egazini. Lokhu kwenza i-Margaritaria discoidea ibe isithasiselo esingaba khona sokubhekana nokushoda kwegazi ekudleni kwemfuyo.
6. I-Magnesium: Amaqabunga cishe afaka i-magnesium, esekela imisebenzi ye-enzymatic nempilo yemisipha. Nakuba amanani aqondile engashiwongo, ubukhona bayo buhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwesitshalo njengokudla okunomsoco.
7. Izinhlanganisela ze-Phenolic: Amagxolo esiqu namaqabunga aqukethe ama-phenolics, njengama-tannins, asebenza njengama-antioxidant. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinganciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nakuba indima yazo yomsoco ingeyesibili emiphumeleni yezokwelapha.
8. Ama-Flavonoid Glycosides: Amagxolo esiqu aqukethe ama-flavonoids afana ne-hydroxygenkwanin-8-C-glucopyranoside, anezindawo ze-antioxidant. Lezi zisekela impilo yamaselula ngokulwa nama-free radicals uma zisetshenziswa ngamanani alawulwayo.
9. Ama-Alkaloids: Lesi sitshalo sicebile ngama-alkaloids afana ne-phyllochrysine ne-securinine, okungezona izakhamzimba kodwa izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive. Zingase zisekele impilo ngokungaqondile ngemiphumela yokulwa namagciwane noma yokuvuselela uma zicutshungulwe kahle.
10. Okuqukethwe kwamandla: Amaqabunga anokuqukethwe kwamandla okungu-19.3 kJ/g, okwenza abe isengezo sokudla esinamandla amaningi emihlambi yezifuyo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesomiso lapho ikhwalithi yotshani iphansi.
Ubufakazi besayensi kanye nezifundo zamacala nge-Margaritaria discoidea
1. Osakwe et al. (2000): Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise inani lokudla lamaqabunga e-Margaritaria discoidea (njenge-Phyllanthus discoideus) ezimvini ze-West African Dwarf. Ukudla okunesengezo samaqabunga esingu-25% no-50% kwenyuse iphrotheni eluhlaza (12.6% no-13.6%) kanye nokugxila kwe-volatile fatty acid, kwathuthukisa ukutholakala kwamandla nokugcinwa kwe-nitrogen, okusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengokudla kwemfuyo (Osakwe, I. I., et al. (2000). Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-Phyllanthus discoideus nomthelela wayo ku-ammonia ye-ruminal kanye nokugxila kwe-volatile fatty acid uma yondliwa izimvu ze-West African Dwarf. Ezolimo Olushisayo, 77(3), 178-182).
2. Obiri et al. (2014): Ucwaningo lukaDickson et al. lwathola ukuthi i-aqueous stem bark extract ye-Margaritaria discoidea yehlisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu kumamodeli amagundane, okulingana ne-indomethacin. Lokhu kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko ekwelapheni ukuvuvukala nokuqeda ubuhlungu, cishe ngenxa yama-alkaloids nama-phenolics (Dickson, R. A., et al. (2014). Imiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-analgesic ye-aqueous stem bark extract ye-Margaritaria discoidea (Euphorbiaceae). Ijenali Yesayensi Yezemithi Esetshenziswayo, 4(8), 1-5).
3. Owusu et al. (2014): Lolu cwaningo luhlukanise ama-flavonoid glycosides ku-stem bark, okukhombisa umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-Staphylococcus aureus kanye nezakhiwo zamahhala zokukhipha imisebe. Lokhu okutholakele kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekupholiseni amanxeba ngokunciphisa umthwalo wamagciwane kanye nokucindezelwa kwe-oxidative (Owusu, P. A., et al. (2014). Ama-flavonoid glycosides avela ku-stem bark ye-Margaritaria discoidea abonisa imisebenzi yokulwa namagciwane kanye nezakhiwo zamahhala zokukhipha imisebe. Izinhlamvu ze-Phytochemistry, 10, 85-90).
4. Cho-Ngwa et al. (2010): Ucwaningo lukaCho-Ngwa et al. lwahlolela izithako ezingenazo i-polar ze-Margaritaria discoidea ngokumelene ne-Onchocerca ochengi. Izithako ze-hexane ne-methylene chloride zibonise umsebenzi we-microfilaricidal, zisekela ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kokwelapha i-onchocerciasis eCameroon (Cho-Ngwa, F., et al. (2010). Umsebenzi okhethiwe wezithako ze-Margaritaria discoidea ne-Homalium africanum ku-Onchocerca ochengi. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10, 62).
5. Adedapo et al. (2015): Lolu cwaningo luqinisekise imiphumela evikelayo ye-gastro ye-ethanolic stem bark extract kumagundane, lunciphisa izilonda ezibangelwa yi-ethanol ngezinqubo ze-antioxidant. Lokhu kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwendabuko ezinkingeni ze-gastric (Adedapo, A. A., et al. (2015). Amandla e-Gastroprotective kanye ne-antioxidant we-ethanolic stem bark extract ye-Margaritaria discoidea (Euphorbiaceae) kumagundane. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 171, 240-246).
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Mayelana Ne-Margaritaria discoidea
1. Ingabe i-Margaritaria discoidea iphephile ukuyidla?
Amaqabunga avame ukudliwa ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, kodwa ukuyidla iluhlaza akuphephile ngenxa yama-alkaloid afana ne-phyllochrysine. Ukulungiswa ngokucophelela kuyadingeka ukuze kugwenywe ubuthi.
2. Yiziphi izingxenye ze-Margaritaria discoidea ezisetshenziswa njengomuthi?
Amagxolo esiqu, amaqabunga, nezimpande zisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko yezilonda, izilonda, ubuhlungu, nezifo ezifana ne-onchocerciasis, ngokuvamile njengama-decoction noma ama-paste.
3. Ingabe i-Margaritaria discoidea ingasiza ekupholiseni izilonda?
Yebo, izifundo ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi izithako zamagxolo esiqu sayo zinezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antioxidant, ezisekela ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko ekunakekeleni izilonda nokuvimbela ukutheleleka.
4. Ingabe i-Margaritaria discoidea isetshenziselwa imfuyo?
Yebo, amaqabunga ayo anothe ngeprotein (15.6% crude protein) asetshenziswa njengokuphakelwa kwezinkomo nezimbuzi, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesomiso, okuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamandla ne-nitrogen.
5. Yiziphi izingozi zokusebenzisa i-Margaritaria discoidea?
Ama-Alkaloid afana ne-securinine angadala ubuthi, okuhlanganisa nokuvuselela isimiso sezinzwa. Ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, ngakho-ke kunconywa isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe.
6. I-Margaritaria discoidea ikhula kuphi?
Ikhulela e-Afrika eshisayo, kusukela eSenegal kuya e-Ethiopia naseNingizimu Afrika, ichuma emahlathini, emathafeni nasehlathini elihlanganisiwe.
7. Ingabe i-Margaritaria discoidea inezinzuzo zokulwa nokuvuvukala?
Yebo, izithako zegxolo lomuthi zinciphisa ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu ezilwaneni, okusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezifweni ezivuvukalayo njenge-arthritis.
8. I-Margaritaria discoidea ilungiselelwa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha?
Amagxolo namaqabunga ngokuvamile abiliswa abe yiziphuzo noma enziwe izinamathiselo zokugcotshwa ezindaweni ezilimele, ubuhlungu, noma izifo, kuqinisekiswa ukuthi zihlanzwe kahle.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Eziyi-14 Zeqabunga Elibabayo (Vernonia Amygdalina)