I-Holarrhena floribunda, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Holarrhena noma i-Mamyrua, iyisitshalo esiguquguqukayo esinezici ezihlukile zezitshalo. Lencazelo inikeza ukuqonda ngokubukeka kwayo, indawo yokuhlala, nezici zokukhula.
I-Holarrhena floribunda ngumuthi olahla amaqabunga ngokuvamile ofinyelela ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-4 kuya kwangu-15 (izinyawo ezingu-13 kuya kwangu-49). Umkhuba wayo wokukhula ungahluka ukusuka kokufana nesihlahla esincane kuya esihlahleni esincane, kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Lesi sitshalo sinesiqu esiqondile sinamagxolo abushelelezi ampunga, aqhekeka kancane ngokukhula. Amagatsha amancane asitshekelwe uboya obuhle obuncipha njengoba amagatsha ekhula.
Amaqabunga e-Holarrhena floribunda ahlelwe ngokuphambene emagatsheni. Alula futhi ayindilinga, alinganisa cishe amasentimitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-20 (amasentimitha angu-2.4 kuya kwangu-7.9) ubude. Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo futhi anokuthungwa okubushelelezi ebusweni obungaphezulu, kanti ubuso obungaphansi bunombala oluthile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamaqabunga kugqamile, imithambo eseceleni egobile igatsha isuka emthonjeni ophakathi.
I-Holarrhena floribunda ikhiqiza amaqoqo ezimbali ezincane ezinuka kamnandi. Lezi zimbali zivamise ukutholakala emikhawulweni yamagatsha. Imbali ngayinye inezintathu ezinhlanu ezimhlophe kuya kweziphuzi ngokukhanyayo, zakha isimo esinjengesiphethu. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi futhi ziheha izilwane ezinuka izimbali, okuhlanganisa izinyosi nezimvemvane.
Isithelo salesi sitshalo siwubhanana oluncane oluyiziphandla oluluhlaza uma lusemncane bese luba nsundu njengoba lukhula. Lezi ziphandla zingafinyelela ubude obungaba amasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30 (amasentimitha ayi-5.9 kuye kwayi-11.8). Ziqukethe izinhlamvu eziningi ezinamaphiko anephepha asiza ekusabalaliseni umoya.
I-Holarrhena floribunda ivame ukutholakala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene e-Afrika eshisayo neyasemazweni ashisayo. Imvamisa itholakala ehlathini elivulekile, emathafeni, nasezindaweni eziluhlaza. Lesi sitshalo sichuma ezinhlabathini ezimanzi kahle futhi singamelana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi. Imvamisa ihlangana ezindaweni ezinezimvula zonyaka.
Izingxenye ezahlukahlukene ze-Holarrhena floribunda ziye zasetshenziswa emithini yendabuko ngenxa yezindawo zayo zokwelapha. Amagxolo, amaqabunga, nezimpande ziqukethe izinhlanganisela ze-bioactive ezifaka isandla ekusebenzeni kwayo okulwa nomalaleveva, ukugaya, nezinye izinzuzo zezempilo.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezingama-20 Zokwelapha ze Helichrysum Petiolare (Isitshalo Soku-ayisikhilimu)
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze-Holarrhena floribunda (Holarrhena)
1. Imiphumela Elwa Nomalaleveva: Enye yezinzuzo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-Holarrhena floribunda umsebenzi wayo onamandla wokulwa nomalaleveva. Izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-conessine etholakala emagxolweni ezitshalo nasezimpandeni ibonisa ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kumagciwane omlalaveva. Lezi zinhlanganisela zemvelo ziphazamisa umjikelezo wokuphila wegciwane, okwenza i-Holarrhena floribunda ibe umthombo obalulekile ezifundeni ezithinteka umalaleveva.
2. Usizo Lokugaya Ukudla: Izimiso ezibabayo zalesi sitshalo zivuselela uketshezi lokugaya, zikhuthaza ukugayeka kokudla okunempilo. Ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo enziwe nge-Holarrhena floribunda kunganciphisa ukungagayeki kahle kokudla, ukuqumba, nokunye ukungakhululeki kwamathumbu, kusize ukugcina isimiso sokugaya esilinganiselwe.
3. Ukuphathwa Kweshukela: Izinhlanganisela ezithile ngaphakathi kwe-Holarrhena floribunda zibonisa amandla okulawula amazinga kashukela egazini. Lesi sitshalo singathuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin futhi sibe nomthelela ekulawulweni kwe-glycemic okungcono, sinikeze ukusekelwa kubantu ababhekene nesifo sikashukela.
4. Izakhiwo Ezilwa Nokuvuvukala: I-Holarrhena floribunda inemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala okubangelwa izakhi zayo eziphilayo. Ingasetshenziswa ukuphatha izimo ezibonakala ngokuvuvukala, njenge-arthritis nezifo zokuvuvukala kwamathumbu, isiza ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki nobuhlungu.
5. Ukusebenza Okulwa Namagciwane kanye Nesikhunta: Izithako zalesi sitshalo zibonisa izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane kanye nesikhunta, okwenza zisebenze ekulweni nezifo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane. I-Holarrhena floribunda ingasiza ekwelapheni izifo zesikhumba nezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane nesikhunta.
6. Ukunciphisa Umkhuhlane: Abelaphi bendabuko basebenzise i-Holarrhena floribunda ukuphatha imikhuhlane. Izakhiwo zayo ze-antipyretic zingasiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngesikhathi sezigameko zomkhuhlane, zibe nomthelela ekunethezekeni nasekuphileleni jikelele.
7. Ukulawulwa Kwezibungu Zamathumbu: Izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo ze-anthelmintic zibalulekile ekuxosheni izilokazane nezikelemu zamathumbu. I-Holarrhena floribunda ingasiza ukugcina isimiso esinempilo samathumbu ngokubhekana nokungenwa yizilokazane.
8. Ukuphulukiswa Kwezilonda: Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zeHolarrhena floribunda noma izifutho ezilondeni kungashesha inqubo yokuphulukisa. Izakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane nezokuvuselela izicubu zisiza ekuvalweni kwezilonda nasekulungisweni kwezicubu.
9. Ukukhululeka Kokuphefumula: I-Holarrhena floribunda isetshenziselwe ukudambisa izimpawu zokuphefumula ezifana nokukhwehlela ne-bronchitis. Izakhiwo zayo zokukhipha isikhwehlela kanye nezandisa umgudu womoya zisiza ekuphefumuleni kalula futhi zisize ukuphatha ukungakhululeki kokuphefumula.
10. Ukusekela Isibindi: Izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo zokuvikela isibindi zinomthelela ekugcinweni kwempilo yesibindi. I-Holarrhena floribunda ingasiza isibindi ezinqubweni zokukhipha ubuthi, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesibindi.
Funda Futhi: 6 Izinzuzo Zempilo Zokwelapha Zomuthi We-Camphor (Cinnamomum Camphora)
Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Ukuze Kuzuzwe Izinzuzo Zempilo Ezinikeziwe zeHolarrhena floribunda (Holarrhena)
1. Ama-Infusions namaTheyi: Enye yezindlela ezilula zokuzuza ku-Holarrhena floribunda ngokulungisa ama-infusions noma ama-theyi. Bilisa amanzi bese uwathela phezu kwamaqabunga omisiwe noma amasha. Vumela ukuthi ime imizuzu engaba ngu-10-15, bese uyahlunga uphuze. Le ndlela iyasebenza ekusekeleni ukugaya, ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane, kanye nenhlalakahle jikelele.
2. Ama-Decoctions: Ukulungiselela okugxile kakhulu, cabanga ukwenza i-decoction. Bilisa amagxolo noma amaqabunga esitshalo emanzini isikhathi eside ukuze ukhiphe izinhlanganisela zaso ezisebenzayo. Hlunga uketshezi bese uyaluphuza. Ama-Decoctions awusizo ikakhulukazi ekubhekaneni nezimo ezifana nomalaleveva nezinkinga zokugaya.
3. Izicelo Zendawo: Amaqabunga achotshoziwe noma amagxolo angasetshenziswa endaweni njengezipopo ezilimele, izilonda, kanye nezifo zesikhumba. Izakhiwo zabo zokulwa namagciwane zisiza ekupholiseni amanxeba nokuvimbela izifo.
4. Ama-Tinctures: Ama-Tinctures afaka ukukhipha izingxenye zemithi yesitshalo kusetshenziswa utshwala noma i-glycerin. Ama-Tinctures anikeza impilo ende yeshalofu nemiphumela egxilile. Zingathathwa ngomlomo ngokungeza amaconsi ambalwa emanzini noma kwesinye isiphuzo.
5. Ifomu Eliyimpuphu: Amaqabunga omisiwe noma amagxolo angagaywa abe yimpuphu enhle. Le mpuphu ingafakwa kuma-capsules ukuze kusetshenziswe kalula. Kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela yokulinganisa ukugwema ukudla okweqile.
7. Amafutha Okufakwa: Izithako ze-Holarrhena floribunda zingafakwa emafutheni okuphatha njengamafutha kakhukhunathi noma omnqumo. Lawa mafutha afakwe angasetshenziselwa ukubhucungwa, ukubhekana nezimo zesikhumba, noma ukwenza izigcobo.
8. Faka Ekudleni: Kwezinye izizwe, i-Holarrhena floribunda yengezwa ezitsheni zendabuko ngezindawo zayo zemithi. Kodwa-ke, ukuyisebenzisa ngale ndlela kudinga ulwazi ngemithamo efanele nezindlela zokulungiselela.
9. Inhlanganisela Yamakhambi: Ukuhlanganisa i-Holarrhena floribunda namanye amakhambi ayizithasiselo kungathuthukisa imiphumela yayo. Xhumana nabantu abelapha ngezihlahla noma ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze udale izingxube zamakhambi eziphephile nezisebenzayo.
Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi I-Holarrhena floribunda
1. Ukungakhululeki Kokugaya: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Holarrhena floribunda, ikakhulukazi ngemithamo ephezulu, kungaholela ekungakhululekeni kokugaya njengokucanuzela, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuqumba kwesisu. Kubalulekile ukunamathela emithamo enconyiwe futhi uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
2. Ukungezwani Komzimba: Abanye abantu bangase bazwele noma babe nomuzwa wokungezwani nezakhi ezitholakala ku-Holarrhena floribunda. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula ngemuva kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo, yeka ukusisebenzisa futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
3. Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa: I-Holarrhena floribunda ingasebenzelana nemithi ethile. Uma uphuza imithi kadokotela, ikakhulukazi imithi yesifo sikashukela noma imithi yesifo sofuba, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana okungaba khona.
4. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-Holarrhena floribunda. Idatha yokuphepha enomkhawulo iyatholakala kulezi zimo, futhi kungcono ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuphepha ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yomama nomntwana.
5. Izingane: Ukuphepha kwe-Holarrhena floribunda ezinganeni akukahlolisiswa ngokuphelele. Kuyatuseka ukuthi ukugweme ukuyisebenzisa ezinganeni ngaphandle uma kuqondiswa uchwepheshe wezempilo oqeqeshiwe.
6. Ukukhathazeka Ngemithamo: Njenganoma yiliphi ikhambi lemithi elenziwe ngezitshalo, umthamo ofanele we-Holarrhena floribunda ubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa amanani amakhulu ngokweqile kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi. Njalo landela imithamo enconyiwe futhi uthintane nochwepheshe ukuze uthole isiqondiso.
7. Ikhwalithi Nomthombo: Ukuze unciphise ingozi yemiphumela emibi, qinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-Holarrhena floribunda emithonjeni ethembekile. Ukungcola noma ukucubungula okungafanele kungaholela ekusabeleni okungekuhle.
8. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi Eside: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside nokuqhubekayo kwe-Holarrhena floribunda kungaba nemiphumela engahlosiwe. Kungakuhle ukuthi uthathe amakhefu ekusetshenzisweni futhi uqaphele ukusabela komzimba wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Inani Lokudla Okunempilo le-Holarrhena floribunda (Holarrhena)
1. Ama-Alkaloids: I-Holarrhena floribunda inothe nge-steroidal alkaloids efana ne-conessine, i-holonamine, ne-holadienine, ekhombisa izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane nokuvuvukala, isekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo emithini yendabuko.
2. Ama-Flavonoids: Lesi sitshalo siqukethe ama-flavonoids afana ne-quercetin-3-O-glucoside ne-kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, enikeza imiphumela ye-antioxidant, esiza ekulweni nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala.
3. Izinhlanganisela ze-Phenolic: Itholakala emaqabungeni nasemagxolweni, izinhlanganisela ze-phenolic zifaka isandla emsebenzini we-antioxidant, okungenzeka ukuthi zinciphisa ingozi yezifo ezingamahlalakhona ngokunciphisa ama-radicals amahhala.
4. Ama-Saponins: Lezi zinhlanganisela emaqabungeni nasemagxolweni zingase zisekele ukusebenza komzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni futhi zibe nezakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane, zisiza ekwelapheni izifo.
5. Ama-Tannins: Atholakala emagxolweni, ama-tannins anikeza izinzuzo ze-astringent ne-antioxidant, ezingase zikhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba nempilo yokugaya ukudla.
6. Ama-Diterpenoidi: Izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-6-β-hydroxyrosenonolactone emagxolweni zibonisa umsebenzi olinganiselayo wokulwa nama-protozoa, zisekela ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane afana nemalaleveva.
7. Ama-Carbohydrate: Imbewu iqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ahlinzeka ngomthombo omncane wamandla, nakuba engeyona ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla ngenxa yokudleka okulinganiselwe.
8. Ama-Glycoside: Ama-glycoside e-phenolic kanye ne-flavonoid athuthukisa iphrofayili ye-antioxidant yesitshalo, okungase kusize ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nokuvikelwa kwamangqamuzana.
9. Ama-Triterpenoidi: Lezi zinhlanganisela, ezitholakala emagxolweni, zingase zibe nomthelela emiphumeleni elwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-cytotoxic, zisekela izicelo ezingaba khona zokulwa nomdlavuza.
10. Amaminerali (i-Potassium): Amanani amancane e-potassium emagqabungeni nasemagxolweni asekela ukulinganisela koketshezi nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, nakuba kungezinani elibalulekile lokudla.
Ubufakazi Besayensi kanye Nezifundo Zamacala nge-Holarrhena floribunda
1. Yoa et al. (2017): Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise i-ethanolic leaf extract ye-Holarrhena floribunda, luthola umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane ngokumelene ne-Staphylococcus aureus, i-Salmonella typhi, ne-Klebsiella pneumoniae (ama-MICs 0.62–1.25 mg/mL) nomsebenzi wokulwa nemalaleveva, kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko kwezifo kanye nemalaleveva (Yemoa, A., Gbenou, J. D., et al., 2017).
2. Kpegba et al. (2018): Abacwaningi bahlukanisa ama-flavonoid emsendeni wesihlahla i-Holarrhena floribunda, okwabonisa umsebenzi ophawulekayo wokulwa ne-oxidant (i-IC50 29.80 μg/mL ngokusebenzisa i-DPPH assay) nemiphumela yokwehlisa umfutho wegazi ezingulubeni, yehlisa umfutho wegazi omaphakathi ngokuya ngesilinganiso, kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kokwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu (Kpegba, K., Kondo, E. T., et al., 2018).
3. Fotie et al. (2006): Lolu cwaningo lwahlukanisa ama-lupeol long-chain fatty acid esters emsendeni wesihlahla i-Holarrhena floribunda, lwabonisa umsebenzi wokulwa nesifo sikamalaleveva ohlangothini lwe-Plasmodium falciparum olumelana nemithi (i-IC50 1.02–18.53 μg/mL), lusekela ukusetshenziswa kwalo kwendabuko ekwelapheni isifo sikamalaleveva (Fotie, J., Bohle, D. S., et al., 2006).
4. Badmus et al. (2013): U-Badmus et al. bathola ukuthi izingxenye zamaqabunga e-Holarrhena floribunda zibonise imisebenzi yokulwa ne-oxidant, i-antimutagenic, kanye nokuvimbela i-lipid peroxidation, kusikisela ukuthi zingaba namandla ekuvimbeleni izifo ezihlobene nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative (Badmus, J. A., Odunola, O. A., et al., 2013).
5. Agoreyo et al. (2022): Lolu cwaningo luhlukanise ama-alkaloid e-steroidal (i-holonamine, i-holadienine, i-conessine) emgodleni weziqu ze-Holarrhena floribunda, lubonisa umsebenzi wokuvimbela i-biofilm ngokumelene nezinhlobo zamagciwane, okubonisa amandla okulwa nokutheleleka okumelana nemithi elwa namagciwane (Agoreyo, B. O., et al., 2022).
6. Stephen et al. (2022): Ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi i-Holarrhena floribunda hydro-ethanolic stem bark extract inciphise izimpawu zokuvuvukala kwamalunga emagundwaneni kuze kufike ku-81.26% (ukuqapha) kanye no-67.92% (ukwelapha), okubangelwa izinhlanganisela zayo ze-phenolic, ama-alkaloid, nama-saponins, kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-anti-inflammatory (Obbo, C. J. D., et al., 2022).
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Mayelana Ne-Holarrhena floribunda
1. Isetshenziselwa ini i-Holarrhena floribunda?
Isetshenziswa emithini yendabuko ukwelapha umalaleveva, isifo sohudo, uhudo, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, kanye nezifo, ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa izikhishi zegxolo namaqabunga.
2. Ingabe i-Holarrhena floribunda iphephile ukuthi ingadliwa?
Nakuba isetshenziswa ngokwesiko, ama-alkaloid ayo angase abe nobuthi ngemithamo ephezulu; thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphakathi.
3. I-Holarrhena floribunda isiza kanjani ngomalaleveva?
Igxolo layo liqukethe izinhlanganisela ezifana nama-lupeol ester nama-diterpenoid abonisa umsebenzi wokulwa nomalaleveva ngokumelene ne-Plasmodium falciparum, njengoba kusekelwa ucwaningo.
4. Ingabe i-Holarrhena floribunda ingelapha izifo?
Yebo, ama-extracts amaqabunga ayo kanye namagxolo abonisa umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane amabhaktheriya afana ne-Staphylococcus aureus kanye nesikhunta, esekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezifweni.
5. Yiziphi izinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo eziyinhloko ku-Holarrhena floribunda?
Izinhlanganisela eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ama-steroidal alkaloids (i-conessine, i-holonamine), ama-flavonoids, izinhlanganisela ze-phenolic, nama-saponins, afaka isandla emiphumeleni yayo yezokwelapha.
6. Itholakala kuphi i-Holarrhena floribunda?
Ivela eNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa, ichuma ezindaweni ezishisayo nezincane, ngokuvamile emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinotshani.
7. I-Holarrhena floribunda ilungiselelwa kanjani ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha?
Amagxolo namaqabunga ngokuvamile acutshungulwa abe ama-hydro-ethanolic noma ama-aqueous extracts, ama-decoctions, noma izimpushana zokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene.
8. Ingabe i-Holarrhena floribunda ingasiza ngokucindezelwa kwegazi?
Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-extract yamagxolo ayo yehlisa umfutho wegazi kumamodeli ezilwane, esekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko ekuphatheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela uzizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Siyakukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singenakukwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, siwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni igama. Ngiyabonga kakhulu ngosekelo lwakho nangokwabelana!
Umshwana: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo nokwazisa kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichaziwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha esichwepheshile, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yezitshalo noma yemvelo ngezinjongo zezokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Ungazilahla Kanjani Kahle Izinto Zakho Zepulasitiki Eziyinsalela