I-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Kanna, isitshalo esimanzi esingumndeni wakwa-Aizoaceae. Lesi sitshalo esiyingqayizivele, esizalwa ezindaweni ezomile zaseNingizimu Afrika, sibonakala ngezici zaso ezihlukile zomzimba kanye nezimo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezenza sikwazi ukuchuma ezindaweni ezinzima.
I-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum inamaqabunga anenyama, ayindilinga ampunga ngokuluhlaza futhi avame ukuba bomvu. Lawa maqabunga alungiselelwe ukugcina amanzi, okuyisici esibalulekile sokuphila ezimeni ezomile. Amaqabunga ahlelwe aphambene komunye nomunye eziquni, futhi angaba ubude kusuka cishe ku-1 kuye ku-4 amasentimitha.
Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izimbali eziphuzi ezigqamile ezinamacembe amaningi. Lezi zimbali zizodwa futhi zingaba ngamasentimitha amathathu ububanzi. Amacembe ezimbali ahlelwe ngendlela eyindilinga, okuholela esiqeshini sesitshalo esiqondile esithi “tortuosum,” okusho ukuthi asontekile noma ayajika.
I-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum ivamise ukuba neziqu ezilengayo noma ezilengayo ezisabalala phansi. Lezi ziqu zivame ukuba nombala obomvu futhi zingagxila emafindweni lapho zithintana nomhlabathi. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kwenza isitshalo sikwazi ukuzala ngempumelelo futhi sisungule abantu abasha.
Lesi sitshalo sinohlelo oluthuthukisiwe lwezimpande olusiza ukufinyelela amanzi nezakhamzimba emhlabathini. Izimpande zilungiselelwe ukugcina amanzi, okwenza lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukusinda ezindaweni ezomile.
I-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum ivela endaweni yaseNamaqualand eNingizimu Afrika, kanye nezinye izingxenye zezwe. Izivumelanise kahle nezimo zezulu eziwugwadule olomile nezomile, lapho ukutholakala kwamanzi kungase kulinganiselwe.
Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo ezingase zibe yizokwelapha, i-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum ithole isithakazelo ngaphandle kwendawo yayo yemvelo. Manje isitshalwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa nezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izindlela zokulima zingahluka, futhi ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo kungase kwehluke endaweni yaso yemvelo.
Ngaphandle kwenani layo lokuhlobisa, i-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum, noma i-Kanna, inomlando omude wokusetshenziswa kwendabuko yimiphakathi yomdabu. Isetshenziselwe izakhiwo zayo zokuthuthukisa imizwa nezokwelapha, kanye nasemasikweni amasiko nawobuShaman. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-Kanna sezidonse ukunaka emkhakheni wamakhambi emvelo nokuphila kahle.
Funda Futhi: Izimbali zeYam: Ukubaluleka Kwezomnotho, Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nemikhiqizo Eseceneni
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum (Kanna)
1. Ukuthuthukisa Imizwa: I-Kanna idume ngemiphumela yayo yokuthuthukisa imizwa. Ama-alkaloids ayo, afaka i-mesembrine ne-mesembrenone, kukholakala ukuthi asebenzisana nama-serotonin receptors, athuthukisa imizwa yenjabulo futhi anciphise izimpawu zokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka okuncane.
2. Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka: Izakhiwo zesitshalo zokulwa nokukhathazeka zenza sibe usizo olukhulu ekuphatheni ukucindezeleka. Kukholakala ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Kanna kusiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cortisol, okwenza umqondo uzole futhi uphumule kakhudlwana.
3. Ukuthuthukisa Ikhono Lokucabanga: Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwe-Kanna kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuqonda. Eminye imibiko iphakamisa ukuthi i-Kanna ingathuthukisa ukugxila, ukugxilisa ingqondo, nokucaca kwengqondo, okungasiza emisebenzini edinga umzamo wokuqonda.
4. Ukucindezela Isifiso Sokudla: I-Kanna ibilokhu isetshenziswa ngokwesiko njengomcindezeli wemvelo wokudla. Ngokuthonya umsebenzi we-serotonin ne-dopamine, kungasiza ukulawula izifiso futhi kuthuthukise ukulawula okungcono ukudla.
5. Ukudambisa Izinhlungu: Ama-alkaloids ku-Kanna abonisa izakhiwo ezingaba khona ze-analgesic. Nakuba kungeyona indawo yemithi eqinile yezinhlungu, i-Kanna ingase inikeze ukukhululeka okuncane ekungakhululekini okubangelwa izimo ezinjengamakhanda noma ukulimala okuncane.
6. Isenzo Esilwa Nokuvuvukala: Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezitholakala ku-Kanna zinezici zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Nakuba kungelona ikhambi eliyinhloko lokuvuvukala okukhulu, lingase linikeze ukukhululeka okuthile ekungakhululekini okuncane kokuvuvukala.
7. Usizo Lokulala: Kweminye imikhuba yendabuko, i-Kanna isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokulala. Imiphumela yayo ekhuthaza ukuphumula ingasiza abantu abanenkinga yokuqwasha okuncane ekufezeni ubuthongo obunokuthula.
8. Inhlalakahle Engokomzwelo: I-Kanna inomlando wokusetshenziswa ekukhuthazeni ukulinganisela ngokomzwelo. Ingase isize abantu ekubhekaneni nezinselelo ezingokomzwelo, inikeze umuzwa wokuqina nenhlalakahle.
9. Ukukhululeka Kokukhathazeka Komphakathi: Obunye ubufakazi obuyindaba buphakamisa ukuthi i-Kanna inganciphisa ukukhathazeka komphakathi. Ngokukhuthaza ukuphumula nokunciphisa ukwethuka, ingenza lula ukuxhumana komphakathi okunethezekile.
10. Ukuhlola Okungokomoya: Amasiko omndeni asebenzise i-Kanna emicikilishweni engokomoya neye-shamanic. Amandla ayo okubangela izimo eziphazamisa ukwazi angase asize ekuzihloleni nasekuhloleni okungokomoya.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zempilo Ezingama-20 Zokwelapha ze- Baissea multiflora (Indian Walnut)
Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Ukuze Kutholakale Izinzuzo Zempilo Ezinikeziwe ze-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum (Kanna)
1. Ukuhlafuna Amaqabunga: Ukuhlafuna amaqabunga amasha e-Kanna kuyindlela yendabuko enikeza imiphumela esheshayo. Qala ngokuhlafuna inani elincane lamaqabunga ubambe impahla yesitshalo emlonyeni wakho cishe imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15. Ama-alkaloid ayathathwa ngezilonda zolwelwesi, okuholela ekuqalisweni okusheshayo kwemiphumela. Khumbula ukuthi ukunambitheka kungaba kubi noma kuqine.
2. Ifomu Eliyimpuphu: Ukugaya amaqabunga e-Kanna omisiwe abe yimpuphu enhle kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Ungadla ifomu eliyimpuphu ngokulixuba nesiphuzo noma ngokulifafaza ekudleni. Le ndlela inikeza inketho emnandi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlafuna futhi inikeza indlela elawulwayo yokulinganisa umthamo wakho.
3. Ukulungiselela Itiye: Ukwenza itiye le-Kanna kuyindlela emnene yokuthola imiphumela yayo. Ukulungiselela itiye, cwilisa amaqabunga omisiwe noma impuphu emanzini ashisayo cishe imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20. Hlunga uketshezi ngaphambi kokulisebenzisa. Le ndlela inikeza ukuqala okuncane kwemiphumela futhi ilungele labo abathanda umuzwa ongashubile kangako.
4. Ukubhema noma Ukuhwamukisa: Abanye abantu bakhetha ukubhema noma ukuhwamukisa i-Kanna. Ngenkathi le ndlela ingase inikeze imiphumela esheshayo, ingase ingasebenzi kahle ekulethweni kwezakhi zemithi zalesi sitshalo. Uma ukhetha ukubhema noma ukuhwamukisa, kubalulekile ukuqaphela futhi usebenzise ngokulinganisela.
5. Ama-Tincture kanye nama-Extract: Ama-tincture nama-extract e-Kanna ayizinhlobo ezigxilile ezinikeza ukulinganiswa okunembile. Le mikhiqizo ivame ukulungiswa ngokukhipha izinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo zalesi sitshalo kusetshenziswa utshwala noma ezinye izincibilikisi. Zingathathwa ngaphansi kolwimi (ngaphansi kolwimi) ukuze zitholakale ngokushesha noma zengezwe eziphuzweni.
6. Ama-Capsule kanye nama-Tablet: Kulabo abathanda indlela elula nehlelekile, kutholakala ama-capsule noma ama-tablet e-Kanna. Lezi zakhiwo zinikeza imithamo engaguquki futhi kulula ukuzifaka ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke.
7. Ukuhlanganisa nokudla noma iziphuzo: Ukufaka i-Kanna ekudleni noma eziphuzweni kungafihla ukunambitheka kwayo okubabayo. Ungaxuba ifomu lempuphu nama-smoothie, iyogathi, noma amatiye amakhambi. Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-Kanna nokudla kungase kubambezele kancane ukuqala kwemiphumela.
8. Ukucatshangelwa Kwemithamo: Umthamo ofanele we-Kanna ungahluka kuye ngezinto ezifana nokubekezelela komuntu ngamunye, isisindo somzimba, kanye nemiphumela oyifunayo. Kungcono ukuqala ngomthamo ophansi bese uwukhulisa kancane kancane uma kunesidingo. Ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo onolwazi noma isazi sezokwelapha kungahlinzeka ngesiqondiso esiqondene nawe.
Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi i-Mesembryanthemum tortuosum
1. Isiyezi nokukhathala: Abanye abantu bangase babe nesiyezi esincane noma bakhathale ngemva kokusebenzisa i-Kanna. Lo mphumela ungase ube ngenxa yethonya lesitshalo kuma-receptors e-serotonin nomsebenzi we-neurotransmitter.
2. Ikhanda: Ikhanda obelesizayo libikwe abantu abasebenzisa i-Kanna. Uma uhlushwa yikhanda elingapheli noma elinzima, kungcono ukunciphisa noma ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa.
3. Ukungakhululeki Kwamathumbu: Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okuncane, okuhlanganisa isicanucanu nokungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla, kungenzeka kwezinye izimo. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke kakhulu ngemithamo ephezulu noma uma i-Kanna idliwa isisu singenalutho.
4. Ukweqisa: Kwezinye izimo, i-Kanna ingase iholele ekweqiseni, ekungahlaliseki, noma emizweni yokukhathazeka. Ukulungisa umthamo noma indlela yokuyisebenzisa kungasiza ukunciphisa le miphumela.
5. Umfutho Wegazi Ophezulu Nezinguquko Zezinga Lenhliziyo: Ithonya le-Kanna elingaba khona ku-serotonin nakwezinye ama-neurotransmitter lingase lithinte umfutho wegazi nezinga lenhliziyo. Abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu noma izimo zenhliziyo kufanele baqaphele futhi babonisane nochwepheshe wezempilo.
6. Ukusabela Kwe-Allergic: Nakuba kuyivelakancane, ukusabela kwe-allergic ku-Kanna kungenzeka. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, noma ukuvuvukala, yeka ukuyisebenzisa futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
7. I-Serotonin Syndrome: Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-Kanna noma ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izinto ezithinta amazinga e-serotonin kungaholela ku-serotonin syndrome. Lesi simo sibonakala ngezimpawu ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukudideka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Funa usizo lwezokwelapha uma usola i-serotonin syndrome.
8. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-Kanna ngenxa yemiphumela engaba khona kumahomoni nama-neurotransmitters. Kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kukamama kanye nosana olukhulayo.
9. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: I-Kanna ingasebenzisana nemithi ethinta amazinga e-serotonin, njengemithi yokudambisa ukucindezeleka nemithi ethile ye-migraine. Thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo uma usebenzisa noma yimiphi imithi ukuze uqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuphephile.
10. Ukubekezelela Nokuncika: Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo noma okweqile kwe-Kanna kungaholela ekubekezeleleni, kunciphise imiphumela yayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kukhona futhi ingozi engaba khona yokuncika ngokwengqondo, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokungenzeki kakhulu kunangezinye izinto ezithile.
Inani Lokudla Okunempilo le-Mesembryanthemum Tortuosum (Kanna)
1. I-Mesembrine: Lena i-alkaloid eyinhloko ku-Kanna, equkethe kufika ku-0.5% yezinto zezitshalo, eyaziwa ngezindawo zayo ze-psychoactive ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo nokuvinjelwa kokuthathwa kwe-serotonin, esiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka.
2. I-Mesembrenone: Enye i-alkaloid ebalulekile engaba ngu-0.3-0.4%, i-mesembrenone isebenza njengesithiyo esinamandla se-phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), esifaka isandla emiphumeleni yokuvuvukala nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
3. I-Mesembrenol: Itholakala ngamanani amancane (0.1-0.2%), le alkaloid isekela imiphumela yezitshalo yokuthuthukisa imizwa ngokuvimbela i-monoamine oxidase emnene, isiza ekukhululweni kwama-neurotransmitter afana ne-serotonin ne-dopamine.
4. I-Hordenine: I-alkaloid ye-phenethylamine etholakala ngamanani amancane (kufika ku-0.1%), i-hordenine inezakhiwo ezikhuthazayo ezingathuthukisa ukugxila namandla, ngenkathi ibonisa umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane amabhaktheriya athile.
5. I-Dietary Fiber: Amaqabunga neziqu ze-Kanna ziqukethe i-fiber encibilikayo, elinganiselwa ku-10-15% wesisindo esomile, esekela impilo yokugaya ngokukhuthaza ukuhamba kwamathumbu okujwayelekile nokugcina ibhalansi ye-microbiome yamathumbu.
6. Ama-Carbohydrate: Aqukethe u-40-50% wezinto ezomile, lawa ma-polysaccharide ahlinzeka ngamandla aqhubekayo futhi afaka isandla endimeni yesitshalo ekusetshenzisweni kwendabuko ekulweni nokukhathala ngesikhathi sokuzingela okude.
7. Amaprotheni: Lesi sitshalo sinikeza okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni angu-5-8%, okuhlanganisa nama-amino acid abalulekile asekela ukulungiswa kwezicubu nokusebenza komzimba, okwenza kube inketho enomsoco ekudleni kwendabuko.
8. Amaminerali (I-Potassium, I-Calcium, I-Magnesium): Iqukethe amaminerali amaningi afana ne-potassium (kufika ku-1.5%), i-calcium, ne-magnesium, lezi zinto zisiza ekulinganiseni ama-electrolyte, empilweni yamathambo, nasekuphumuleni kwemisipha, okuwusizo ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
9. Amavithamini (I-Vitamin C nama-Vitamin B): IKanna inikeza amavithamini okulwa nokuguga njenge-vitamin C (cishe ama-20-30 mg/100g isisindo esisha) nama-vitamin B, asekela ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla.
10. Ama-Antioxidants (Ama-Flavonoid nama-Phenolic): Lezi zinhlanganisela, ezikhona ngamazinga angu-2-5%, zivikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative, okunganciphisa ukuvuvukala nokusekela impilo yamangqamuzana iyonke.
Ubufakazi Besayensi Nezifundo Zamacala ngeMesembryanthemum Tortuosum (Kanna)
1. Terburg et al. (2013): Lolu cwaningo oluphindwe kabili luhlole imiphumela ebukhali ye-extract ye-Sceletium tortuosum (Zembrin) emsebenzini wobuchopho kumavolontiya anempilo kusetshenziswa i-fMRI. Kubonise ukuncipha kokusabela kwe-amygdala ebusweni obusongelayo, okukhombisa imiphumela ye-anxiolytic ngokusebenzisa ukuphindaphindeka okukabili kwe-5-HT kanye nokuvinjelwa kwe-PDE4, okusikisela amandla okukhulula ukucindezeleka (Terburg, D., Syal, S., Rosien, D. L., et al., 2013, Neuropsychopharmacology).
2. Smith (2011): Kumodeli ye-in vivo yokucindezeleka kwengqondo kusetshenziswa amagundane, i-extract ye-Sceletium tortuosum yanikezwa, ibonisa ukuncipha okukhulu ekuziphatheni okufana nokukhathazeka kanye namazinga e-cortisol, iqhakambisa izakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokucindezeleka nokusekela ukuzinza kwemizwelo (Smith, C., 2011, Journal of Ethnopharmacology).
3. Chiu et al. (2014): Ucwaningo oluyisiqalo olulawulwayo oluqhutshwe kubantu abanempilo yengqondo luhlolisise imiphumela ye-Zembrin extract ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Imiphumela ikhombise ukuthuthuka kokusebenza komqondo nokukhumbula ngenxa yokuthi kuqondiswe i-PDE4, okubalulekile ekuvimbeleni i-Alzheimer’s ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchopho (Chiu, S., et al., 2014, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine).
4. Manganyi et al. (2021): Lokhu kubuyekeza okuphelele kufingqe izakhiwo zebhayoloji ze-Sceletium tortuosum, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi elwa namagciwane, evimbela ukuvuvuka, kanye ne-antioxidant evela kuma-alkaloids ayo. Kuqinisekise ukusebenza ekunciphiseni ukucindezelwa kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala kumamodeli angaphambi kokwelashwa, kusekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuthuthukiseni impilo yonke (Manganyi, M. C., et al., 2021, Molecules).
5. Harvey et al. (2011): Lolu cwaningo lubuyekeze izenzo ze-pharmacological zama-alkaloids ayinhloko e-Kanna, lubonisa ukuvinjelwa kwe-serotonin reuptake kanye ne-PDE4 blockade in vitro, okuholela emiphumeleni ye-anxiolytic ne-antidepressant kumamodeli ezilwane, okungenzeka ekwelapheni izinkinga zengqondo (Harvey, A. L., et al., 2011, Journal of Ethnopharmacology).
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Mayelana neMesembryanthemum Tortuosum (Kanna)
1. Yini iMesembryanthemum tortuosum?
IMesembryanthemum tortuosum, eyaziwa kakhulu nge-Kanna noma i-Sceletium tortuosum, iyisitshalo esimanzi esizalwa eNingizimu Afrika, esisetshenziswa ngokwesiko ngabantu bomdabu ngezindawo zayo zokuthuthukisa isimo nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
2. Yiziphi izinzuzo zempilo zeKanna?
IKanna ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka, ithuthukise isimo senhliziyo, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwengqondo, futhi iqede ukucindezeleka ngenxa yama-alkaloid ayo afana ne-mesembrine, evimbela ukuthathwa kwe-serotonin ne-PDE4, ngokusekelwe ezifundweni zokuqala.
3. Ingabe iKanna iphephile ukuyisebenzisa?
Uma isetshenziswa ngokulinganisela njengesengezo (imithamo engama-50-200 mg), iKanna ivamise ukuphepha kubantu abadala abaningi, kodwa thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo, ikakhulukazi uma ukhulelwe, uncelisa, noma usemishanguzini, njengoba ingasebenzisana nama-antidepressants.
4. Uyidla kanjani iKanna?
IKanna ingahlafunwa njengamaqabunga omisiwe, yenziwe itiye, ithathwe njengama-capsules noma izithako ezifana ne-Zembrin, noma isetshenziswe ngaphansi kolwimi; qala ngemithamo ephansi ukuze uhlole ukubekezelela.
5. Ingabe iKanna ingasiza ngokukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka?
Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi iKanna inemiphumela ye-anxiolytic ne-antidepressant ngokulungisa i-serotonin nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, kodwa akufanele ithathe indawo yokwelashwa yezokwelapha kochwepheshe.
6. Ingabe iKanna isemthethweni?
IKanna isemthethweni emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-US neCanada, njengesengezo sokudla, kodwa hlola imithetho yendawo, njengoba yahlonzwa kafushane kwezinye izindawo ngaphambi kokususwa.
7. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yeKanna?
Imiphumela emibi engenzeka ihlanganisa ikhanda, isicanucanu, noma ukuqwasha ngemithamo ephezulu; ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle kodwa gwema ukuhlanganisa nama-SSRI noma eminye imishanguzo ye-serotonergic ukuze uvimbele i-serotonin syndrome.
8. IKanna ihluke kanjani ku-MDMA?
Ngokungafani ne-MDMA, iKanna isithako semvelo sezitshalo esinemiphumela emnene, engeyona i-hallucinogenic egxile ekuthuthukiseni isimo sengqondo nokuphumula, ngaphandle kwe-euphoria enamandla noma izingozi ezihambisana nezidakamizwa zokwenziwa.
Unayo yini imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Siyakukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singenakufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, siwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusisekela nangokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo nolwazi kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichaziwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Akuzona indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha sochwepheshe, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yamakhambi noma yemvelo ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Ukuphakela Umhlaba: Ukubaluleka Kokulima Izitshalo Okusimeme