I-Mikania Natalensis, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-African Mile-a-Minute, ingumvini okhuphukayo omangalisayo olunge lomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae. Lesi sitshalo sendabuko saziwa ngokubukeka kwaso okuyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo zemithi ezinamandla. Izici zaso zezitshalo zithakazelisa njengamandla aso okwelapha.
Amaqabunga e-Mikania Natalensis anemithambo ejulile, enikeza ukubukeka okuthungwe. Ngokuvamile aluhlaza futhi angahluka ngosayizi, kusukela kokuncane kuye kokukhulu ngokulingene, kuye ngokuvuthwa kwesitshalo. Ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga eziqu kunikeza umvini ukubukeka okunothile nokuminyene uma usukhule ngokugcwele.
Izimbali ze-Mikania Natalensis zincane futhi zintekenteke, zinemibala esukela kokumhlophe kuye kokubomvana okukhanyayo. Lezi zimbali zihlelwe ngamaqoqo ekugcineni kweziqu. Nakuba ngokwehlukana zithobekile, ukuboniswa okuhlangene kwalezi zimbali kungeza ukuthinta ubuhle ekubukekeni okuphelele komvini.
I-Mikania Natalensis ingeyesizwe ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-Afrika, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo nezingaphansi kwezishisayo. Ichuma ezindaweni ezifana namahlathi, utshani, kanye nemifula. Ngenxa yekhono layo lokukhuphuka nokusabalala ngokushesha, ingatholakala ikhula kwezinye izitshalo, ngezinye izikhathi iyitholela igama elithi “African Mile-a-Minute.”
Ezinhlelweni zokwelapha zendabuko, iMikania Natalensis ibilokhu ithathwa njengegugu izizukulwane ngezizukulwane ngezindawo zayo ezahlukahlukene zokwelapha. Izimpande, amaqabunga kanye neziqu zalesi sitshalo zisetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni amakhambi emithi yokwelapha ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi zezempilo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwendabuko kusukela ekwelapheni izinkinga zokuphefumula nokungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla kuya ekukhuthazeni ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
IMikania Natalensis ibaluleke kakhulu emasikweni emiphakathi eminingi yase-Afrika, lapho ihlanganiswe khona nezindlela zokwelapha zendabuko. Amandla alesi sitshalo okunciphisa izifo aholele ekufakweni kwaso emakhambini aye adluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.
Njengasemithonjeni eminingi yemvelo, ukwanda okusheshayo kwemisebenzi yabantu nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kungaba nomthelela ekusatshalalisweni kweMikania Natalensis. Nakuba ingahlukaniswa njengesengozini, ukongiwa kwalesi sitshalo kubalulekile ekugcineni ukutholakala kwayo kokubili ngezinhloso zokwelapha nezokwenza imvelo.
Funda Futhi: Izinqubo Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokuphatha Amaqanda Ezinkukhu
Izinzuzo Zempilo Zokwelapha ZeMikania Natalensis (African Mile-a-Minute)
1. Imiphumela Elwa Nokuvuvukala: IMikania Natalensis iqukethe izinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo ezinamandla zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Lezi zinhlanganisela zisiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, okwenza kube yikhambi lemvelo elibalulekile ezimeni ezifana nesifo samathambo, ubuhlungu bamalunga nezimo zesikhumba ezivuvukalayo.
2. Ukukhululeka Kokuphefumula: Lesi sitshalo ngokwesiko besisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zokuphefumula njengokuphefumula kanzima, isifo samaphaphu, nokukhwehlela. Izakhiwo zayo zemvelo ezisiza ukukhipha isikhwehlela zisiza ekuhlanzeni imigudu yomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuphefumula.
3. Ukunethezeka Kokugaya: I-Mikania Natalensis inomlando omude wokusebenzisa ekunciphiseni ukungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla. Ingakusiza ukuthambisa ukungagayeki kahle kokudla, ukuqunjelwa, nezinye iziphazamiso zesisu.
4. Ukuphulukiswa Kwezilonda: Ngezinto zayo ezilwa namagciwane, i-Mikania Natalensis iyasebenza ekwelapheni izilonda ezincane nezifo zesikhumba. Isiza inqubo yokuphulukisa futhi isiza ukuvimbela izifo, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile ekunakekelweni kokuqala.
5. Ukukhululeka Kobuhlungu Ngokwemvelo: Izakhiwo zalesi sitshalo zokunciphisa izinhlungu zinomthelela ekukhululekeni kobuhlungu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, noma ukungakhululeki okuvamile, i-Mikania Natalensis inganikeza ukukhululeka kwemvelo.
6. Ukusekelwa Kwesimiso Somzimba Sokuzivikela: Inothe nge-antioxidants, i-Mikania Natalensis isekela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngokusiza umzimba ukulwa nezifo futhi ulondoloze impilo enhle.
7. Ukunciphisa Umkhuhlane: I-Mikania Natalensis yaziwa ngezinto zayo zokunciphisa umkhuhlane, ezingasiza ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane ngokukhuthaza ukujuluka nokulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
8. Ukunciphisa Ukukhathazeka Nokucindezeleka: Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezitholakala ku-Mikania Natalensis zibonise amandla okunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka. Kungase kube nomthelela ekuzizweni ukhululekile futhi uzolile.
9. Izinzuzo Zokuchamisa: Lesi sitshalo sisebenza njenge-diuretic, sisiza umzimba ekuqedeni ubuthi ngokukhuphula ukukhiqizwa komchamo. Isekela ukusebenza kwezinso nokukhipha ubuthi.
10. Ukuzivikela Okulwa Nokuguga: I-Mikania Natalensis iyaziqhenya ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezivikeli zokuguga ezilwa nokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukuguga. Ngokungathathi hlangothi kwama-radicals amahhala, kusiza ukuvikela amaseli nezicubu ekulimaleni.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Eziyi-10 Zokwelapha Ze-Harpagophytum (Udwendwe LukaDeveli)
Izindlela Zokusetshenziswa Ukuze Kutholakale Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ze-Mikania Natalensis (Imayela Lase-Afrika Ngomzuzu)
1. Itiye Lamakhambi: Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusebenzisa i-Mikania Natalensis ukulungisa itiye lamakhambi. Ukwenza itiye, geza ngobumnene amaqabunga ambalwa amasha noma usebenzise amaqabunga omisiwe. Zicwilise emanzini ashisayo cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15. Itiye eliwumphumela lingadliwa ukuze kujatshulelwe izinzuzo zesitshalo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokukhulisa amasosha omzimba.
2. Ama-Tinctures kanye ne-Extracts: Ama-tinctures kanye nama-extracts ayizinhlobo ezigxilile ze-Mikania Natalensis ezinikeza umthamo onamandla wezinhlanganisela zayo zokwelapha. Ungathenga ama-tinctures enziwe kusengaphambili noma uzenzele ngokucwilisa impahla yesitshalo otshwaleni noma ku-glycerin amasonto amaningana. Lezi zinto ezikhishiwe zingathathwa ngomlomo ngemithamo emincane, njengoba zelulekwa uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.
3. Izicelo Zendawo: Ekusheshiseni ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba nezinkinga zesikhumba, i-Mikania Natalensis ingasetshenziswa endaweni. Gxoba amaqabunga amasha ukuze wakhe i-poultice noma uwaxube namafutha athambile ukuze wakhe ibalm ethambile. Faka i-poultice noma i-balm ngqo endaweni ethintekile ukuze ukhuthaze ukuphulukiswa futhi unikeze impumuzo.
4. Ukuhogela Umhwamuko: Ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphefumula, njengokuvaleka kwamakhala noma ukukhwehlela, cabanga ukusebenzisa iMikania Natalensis ekuhogeleni umhwamuko. Faka amaqabunga omisiwe noma izithako esitsheni samanzi ashisayo, tshekela esitsheni, umboze ikhanda lakho ngethawula ukuze uvale umhwamuko. Hogela umhwamuko imizuzu embalwa ukusiza ukuvula indlela yomoya.
5. Ukugeza Ngamakhambi: Ukufaka iMikania Natalensis emanzini okugeza kungakunikeza umuzwa ophumuzayo futhi opholile. Faka amaqabunga omisiwe noma izithako emanzini afudumele okugeza bese ucwila cishe imizuzu engama-20 ukuze ujabulele izakhiwo zayo ezipholisayo.
6. Amaphilisi Nezisetshenziswa Ezengeziwe: Izisetshenziswa ezengeziwe zeMikania Natalensis zitholakala ngesimo samaphilisi noma amathebulethi. Lokhu kungakunikeza indlela elula yokufaka izinzuzo zalesi sitshalo esimisweni sakho. Njalo khetha izisetshenziswa ezengeziwe ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela emithonjeni ethembekile.
7. Ukusetshenziswa Ekuphekeni: Kwezinye izizwe, iMikania Natalensis isetshenziswa ekuphekeni kwendabuko. Amaqabunga angahlanganiswa ezitsheni, ezinyaweni, noma emasaladini ukwethula izinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zezempilo ngokudla kwakho.
Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi seMikania Natalensis
1. Ukungezwani Komzimba: Abanye abantu bangase bazwele noma bangazwani neMikania Natalensis. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, ukuvuvuka, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula ngemva kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo, yeka ukusisebenzisa ngokushesha futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
2. Ukuphazamiseka Kokugaya Ukudla: Kwezinye izimo, ukusebenzisa iMikania Natalensis ngamanani amaningi ngokweqile noma ngaphandle kokuqondiswa okufanele kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kokugaya ukudla njengokucanuzela, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo. Qala ngamanani amancane futhi ukhuphule kancane kancane uma kudingeka.
3. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: I-Mikania Natalensis ingasebenzelana nemithi ethile, okuhlanganisa nemithi yokunciphisa igazi kanye nemithi yesifo sikashukela. Thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo, ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi ebekiwe.
4. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-Mikania Natalensis ngenxa yemiphumela engaba nayo ekukhulelweni nasekunceliseni. Kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kukamama nengane.
5. Izingane: Qaphela lapho unikeza izingane i-Mikania Natalensis. Thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo wezingane ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ezinkingeni zempilo yezingane.
6. Umthamo: Njalo namathela emithamo enconyiwe nemiyalelo yokusetshenziswa. Ukuthatha amanani amaningi kakhulu e-Mikania Natalensis kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, ngisho noma ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile uma isetshenziswe kahle.
7. Ikhwalithi Nomthombo: Qinisekisa ukuthi noma yimiphi imikhiqizo noma izithasiselo ze-Mikania Natalensis ozisebenzisayo zivela emithonjeni ethembekile. Imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephansi ingaqukatha ukungcola noma izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingalungile.
8. Ukusetshenziswa Kwesikhathi Eside: Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside noma okweqile kwe-Mikania Natalensis kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi. Kuyatuseka ukusebenzisa lesi sitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile kunokuba siqhubeke njalo.
9. Isiqondiso Sochwepheshe: Ngaphambi kokufaka i-Mikania Natalensis ohlelweni lwakho lwempilo, thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ofanelekayo, ikakhulukazi uma unezimo zempilo ezikhona, uthatha imithi, noma ukhulelwe noma uncelisa.
10. Ukuzwela Komuntu Siqu: Ukusabela komuntu ngamunye emithini yamakhambi kungahluka. Kungenzeka ukuthi abanye abantu babe nemiphumela emibi engavamile. Naka ukusabela komzimba wakho bese uyayeka ukusebenzisa uma uqaphela imiphumela emibi.
Inani Lokudla Okunempilo le-Mikania Natalensis (I-African Mile-a-Minute)
1. Ama-Carbohydrate: Amaqabunga e-Mikania natalensis cishe aqukethe ama-carbohydrate, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ye-dietary fiber noshukela omncane, ahlinzeka ngamandla okusetshenziswa kwendabuko njengemifino ezitsheni noma etiyeni.
2. I-Fiber: Amaqabunga neziqu zalesi sitshalo kulindeleke ukuthi zicebile nge-dietary fiber, esekela impilo yokugaya ukudla, ithuthukise ukuhamba kwamathumbu njalo, futhi ingasiza ekulawuleni ushukela egazini.
3. Ama-Flavonoid: Njengelungu lomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae, i-Mikania natalensis cishe iqukethe ama-flavonoid, njenge-quercetin, esebenza njengama-antioxidant, enciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nokuvuvukala.
4. Izinhlanganisela Ze-Phenolic: Ama-Phenolic afakazelwa ukuthi akhona ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezihlobene njenge-Mikania micrantha. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinikeza izinzuzo ze-antioxidant, zisekela impilo yamaselula futhi zinganciphisa ubungozi bezifo ezingamahlalakhona.
5. Ama-Alkaloid: Ama-alkaloid amancane angase abe khona, anegalelo ezakhiweni zokwelapha zalesi sitshalo kunokuba kube yinzuzo yokudla okunempilo. Lezi zinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo zidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ngenxa yobuthi obungaba khona.
6. Amavithamini (Vitamin C): Amaqabunga angase aqukethe amanani amancane kavithamini C, esekela umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba futhi esebenza njenge-antioxidant, nakuba amanani athile angabhalwanga kahle.
7. Amaminerali (Calcium): I-Calcium cishe ikhona emaqabungeni, ifaka isandla empilweni yamathambo nokusebenza kwemisipha. Okuqukethwe kwamaminerali okuqondile kuthathwa ezinhlotsheni ezihlobene ngenxa yedatha elinganiselwe.
8. Ama-Saponins: Ama-Saponin, avamile ezitshalweni ze-Asteraceae, angase abe khona futhi angase asekela impilo yokuzivikela komzimba noma abe nemiphumela yokulwa namagciwane, nakuba indima yawo yokondleka ingeyesibili.
9. Ama-Terpenes: Ama-Terpenoid, njengalawo atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezihlobene ze-Mikania, angase abe nomthelela emiphumeleni yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antimicrobial, ethuthukisa imithi yezitshalo kunokuba iphrofayili yokudla.
10. Amaprotheni: Amaqabunga angase aqukethe amanani amancane amaprotheni, esekela ukulungiswa kwezicubu nokukhula, nakuba i-Mikania natalensis ingewona umthombo wamaprotheni oyinhloko futhi idinga ukucutshungulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
Ubufakazi Besayensi Nezifundo Zamacala nge-Mikania Natalensis
1. Van Wyk et al. (2009): Lolu cwaningo lubhale ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwe-Mikania natalensis emithini yamaZulu namaSwazi, luphawula ukusetshenziswa kwalo ezikhalazweni zomchamo, ikhanda, ubuhlungu beqolo, nomkhuhlane. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ubufakazi be-ethnobotanical kodwa luntula ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwe-pharmacological (Van Wyk, B. E., Van Oudtshoorn, B., & Gericke, N. (2009). Izitshalo zemithi zaseNingizimu Afrika. Izincwadi zeBriza).
2. Semenya et al. (2012): Ucwaningo lukaSemenya et al. luhlolisise ukusetshenziswa kwe-Mikania natalensis emithini yesiZulu yendabuko eNingizimu Afrika ekwelapheni isifo sonkomo. Ucwaningo luqinisekise ukusetshenziswa kwayo phakathi kwabelaphi beBapedi, luphakamisa izakhiwo ezingaba khona zokulwa namagciwane, nakuba ukuqinisekiswa kwemitholampilo kudingeka (Semenya, S. S., Potgieter, M. J., & Erasmus, L. J. C. (2012). Izinhlobo zezitshalo zomdabu ezisetshenziswa ngabelaphi beBapedi ukwelapha izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi: Ukusatshalaliswa kwazo, ukuvunwa, ukongiwa kanye nezinsongo. I-South African Journal of Botany, 83, 66-75).
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Njalo Nge-Mikania Natalensis
1. Ingabe i-Mikania natalensis iphephile ukuyidla?
Ingase iphephe ngamanani amancane uma ilungiselelwe njengatiye noma imifino ephekiwe, kodwa ubuthi bayo obungaba khona budinga ukucutshungulwa ngokucophelela. Thintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
2. Iziphi izingxenye ze-Mikania natalensis ezisetshenziswa njengomuthi?
Amaqabunga asetshenziswa kakhulu emithini yendabuko yamaZulu namaSwazi njengamatiye noma izifutho zezinkinga zomchamo, ikhanda, ubuhlungu beqolo, nemikhuhlane.
3. Ingabe i-Mikania natalensis ingakwazi ukwelapha izifo?
Ukusetshenziswa kwendabuko kwesifo sonkomo nemikhuhlane kuphakamisa amandla okulwa namagciwane, kodwa ubufakazi besayensi buncane, futhi izifundo zemitholampilo ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo.
4. Imehluko phakathi kwe-Mikania natalensis ne-Mikania micrantha yini?
I-Mikania natalensis ingumthombo wase-Afrika, inamaqabunga ampunga athambile nokukhula okungahlaseli kangako, kuyilapho i-Mikania micrantha iyokhula oluhlasela kakhulu oluvela eMelika.
5. I-Mikania natalensis itholakala kuphi?
Ikhula emaphethelweni amahlathi kusukela e-Eastern Cape eNingizimu Afrika kuya e-Afrika Esezindaweni Ezishisayo, ichuma ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezithunjiwe kancane.
6. Ingabe i-Mikania natalensis ingasetshenziswa njengemifino?
Yebo, amaqabunga ayo asetshenziswa ngokwesiko ezitsheni ezinjengamasobho kweminye imiphakathi yase-Afrika, kodwa adinga ukulungiswa kahle ukuze kugwenywe ubuthi obungaba khona.
7. Ingabe i-Mikania natalensis iyathathelwana?
Cha, ingumthombo wase-Afrika futhi ayithathwa njengendalela, ngokungafani ne-Mikania micrantha, ebalwe phakathi kokhula olubi kakhulu emhlabeni.
8. Yiziphi izingozi zokusebenzisa i-Mikania natalensis?
Ubuthi obungaba khona obuvela kuma-alkaloid noma amanye amakhemikhali angabangela imiphumela emibi uma udliwe uluhlaza noma ngamanani amakhulu. Ukungezwani komzimba nakho kungenzeka kubantu abathintekayo.
Unemibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, zizwe ukhululekile ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Siyakukhuthaza futhi ukuthi wabelane ngalolu lwazi nabanye abangase bazuze kulo. Njengoba singenakufinyelela kuwo wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, siyabonga kakhulu ngosizo lwakho ekusakazeni igama. Siyabonga kakhulu ngosekelo lwakho nangokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo nokwazisa kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichaziwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi kanye nolwazi lwendabuko. Akuzona ezokuthatha indawo yezeluleko zezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma iyiphi imithi yemvelo noma imithi yokwelapha izinjongo zezokwelapha.
Funda Futhi:Izinzuzo Zokufunda Ezomnotho Wezolimo