I-Amaranthus dubius, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi Slender Amaranth noma i-Amaranth, iyilungu lomndeni wakwa-Amaranthaceae. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke esikhula ngokushesha sibonakala ngokubukeka kwaso okuhlukile, amahlamvu aluhlaza agqamile, nezimbali ezincane ezihlangene. Kuye kwatshalwa futhi kwasetshenziselwa kokubili izinjongo zokupheka kanye zokwelapha izizukulwane ngezizukulwane.
I-Amaranthus dubius ineziqu eziqinile, eziqondile ezingakhula zifike ku-1 kuya ku-2 wamamitha ukuphakama. Iziqu zivame ukuba namagatsha futhi zingaba nokubomvu okubomvu eduze kwamanodi.
Amaqabunga e-Amaranthus dubius ayisici esivelele salesi sitshalo. Ziyashintshana, zilula, futhi zinde, zinezindwani ezimise okwe-lance. Amaqabunga angahluka ukusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kokuluhlaza okujulile ngombala futhi abushelelezi kuya kokuthintwa. Ubukhulu bamaqabunga buyahlukahluka, amaqabunga amancane abe mancane futhi athambile.
The plant produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are densely packed in terminal and axillary spikes. These spikes are elongated and can vary in colour from green to reddish or purplish hues.
Izimbali ze-Amaranthus dubius azinawo amacembe kodwa zizungezwe ama-bracts avame ukuba nemibala futhi anikeze i-inflorescence ukubukeka okumangalisayo. Izimbali azifani nobulili, izimbali zesilisa nezesifazane zenzeka esitshalweni esisodwa.
Ngemva kokuqhakaza, i-Amaranthus dubius ikhiqiza imbewu encane, eyindilinga ecwebezelayo futhi emnyama ngombala. Lezi zinhlamvu zivalelwe ngaphakathi kwama-bracts akha isembozo sokuzivikela.
I-Amaranthus dubius idabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, okwenza ifaneleke kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele. Iqhakaza ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi, kuhlanganise nenhlabathi enesihlabathi kanye ne-loamy. Lesi sitshalo singatholakala sikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile, eceleni kwemigwaqo, nasezindaweni eziphazamisekile. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, isiye yaba ngokwemvelo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba.
Amaqabunga e-Amaranthus dubius ajwayele ukudliwa njengemifino enamahlamvu enomsoco ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene. Asetshenziswa kumasaladi, amasobho, izitshulu, nama-stir-fries, anikeza ukunambitheka okubabayo nokomhlaba. Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokupheka, i-Amaranthus dubius yaziwa ngezakhiwo zayo zokwelapha ezingaba khona, kusukela kokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-antioxidant kuya emiphumeleni yayo yokulwa nokuvuvukala.
Ukufaka i-Amaranthus dubius kukho kokubili ukudla kanye nemikhuba yendabuko kugqamisa ukubaluleka kwayo njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile somsoco nempilo. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukukhula ngokushesha, kanye nokuminyana kokudla okunomsoco kuyenza ibe isitshalo esithakaselwayo ngazo zombili izinjongo zezolimo kanye nesengezo sokudla.
Incazelo Yezitshalo ye-Amaranthus dubius
1. Ifomu Lokukhula: I-Amaranthus dubius, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi isipinashi esibomvu noma isipinashi saseShayina, isitshalo saminyaka yonke se-herbaceous. Ingowomndeni wakwa-Amaranthaceae futhi yaziwa ngomkhuba wayo oqondile kanye nokukhula kwamagatsha.
2. Isiqu Namaqabunga: Iziqu ze-Amaranthus dubius zivame ukusukuma, zifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-2. Amaqabunga alula, ashintshana, futhi amise okwe-lanceolate. Amaqabunga ayahlukahluka ngombala, ngokuvamile asukela koluhlaza kuya kobomvu noma onsomi, futhi anemithambo egqamile.
3. Izimbali: Izimbali ze-Amaranthus dubius azibonakali futhi zithwelwe ngama-inflorescence aminyene, amatheminali noma ama-axillary. Ama-inflorescence angathatha uhlobo lwama-spikes noma ama-panicle, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza izimbali eziningi ezincane, eziluhlaza kuya kokubomvu.
4. Imbewu: Imbewu ye-Amaranthus dubius incane, iyacwebezela, futhi ngokuvamile imnyama noma insundu ngokumnyama. Akhiqizwa ngobuningi phakathi kwamaqoqo ezimbali futhi anomthelela ekukhiqizeni imbewu eningi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo ye-Amaranthus dubius
1. Ibanga Lomdabu: I-Amaranthus dubius idabuka ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseMelika kodwa isibe ngokwemvelo ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezifudumele.
2. Okuthandwayo Kwendawo yokuhlala: Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezindawo eziphazamisekile, amasimu avulekile nezingadi. Ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi evundile kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okuningi.
3. Ukutshala: I-Amaranthus dubius itshalwa njengemifino enamaqabunga emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi e-Asia nase-Afrika. Yaziswa ngenxa yamaqabunga ayo anomsoco futhi itshalwa kokubili ukudliwa ekhaya kanye nezinjongo zokuthengisa.
Iphrofayili Yokudla Okunomsoco kanye Nokusetshenziswa Kwezokudla
1. Amaqabunga Acebile Ngomsoco: Amaqabunga e-Amaranthus dubius anothe ngemisoco, okuhlanganisa amavithamini (afana ne-vitamin A kanye ne-vitamin C), amaminerali (afana ne-iron ne-calcium), kanye ne-fiber yokudla. Lesi sitshalo saziswa ngokuqukethwe kwaso komsoco.
2. Izicelo Zokudla: Amaqabunga amancane athambile e-Amaranthus dubius avame ukusetshenziswa njengemifino enamaqabunga ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene zokupheka. Angaphekwa, ashiswe, agqunywe, noma afakwe esobho nasezitshudeni. Amaqabunga ane-flavour ethambile, efana nesipinashi.
3. Imithi Yesintu: Kwamanye amasiko, izingxenye ezithile ze-Amaranthus dubius zisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko ngezindawo zazo zokwelapha ezingaba khona. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokuyinhloko futhi sidliwe njengomthombo wokudla.
Funda Futhi: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha eziyi-10 Zengane YaseHawaii U-Woodrose (Argyeia Nervosa)
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze Amaranthus dubius (Slender Amaranth)
1. Umthombo Ocebile Womsoco: I-Amaranthus dubius igcwele amavithamini namaminerali abalulekile afana novithamini A, uvithamini C, i-calcium, insimbi, kanye ne-potassium. Lezi zakhi zomsoco zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo nempilo yonke.
2. Izici Ze-Antioxidant: Lesi sitshalo siqukethe ama-antioxidants afana ne-vitamin C kanye ne-beta-carotene, esiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative futhi anciphise ingozi yezifo ezingapheli.
3. Imithelela Eqeda Ukuvuvukala: I-Amaranthus dubius ibikade isetshenziselwe ukuqeda ukuvuvukala. Lezi zakhiwo zingasiza ekulawuleni izimo ezihlobene nokuvuvukala, njenge-arthritis nezifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo.
4. Impilo Yokugaya Ukudla: I-fiber equkethwe ku-Amaranthus dubius ikhuthaza ukugaya okunempilo futhi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqunjelwa. Iphinde isekele i-gut microbiome enempilo.
5. Usekelo Lwesistimu Yamasosha omzimba: Amavithamini namaminerali akhona esitshalweni afaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwamasosha omzimba aqinile, asize umzimba ukuba ulwe nezifo kanye nezifo.
6. Impilo Yamathambo: I-calcium ne-iron ku-Amaranthus dubius kubalulekile ekugcineni amathambo aqinile kanye nokuvimbela i-anemia.
7. Ukulawula isifo sikashukela: Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi isitshalo singasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela ngenxa yemiphumela engaba khona ye-hypoglycemic.
8. Impilo Yenhliziyo: Okuqukethwe kwe-potassium yezitshalo kunomthelela ekugcineni inhliziyo enempilo ngokulawula amazinga omfutho wegazi.
9. Ukulawulwa Kwesisindo: I-Amaranthus dubius inama-kilojoule aphansi futhi iphezulu ku-fiber, okwenza ibe isengezo esihle ekudleni okuqaphela isisindo.
10. Impilo Yesikhumba: Ama-antioxidants esitshalweni afaka isandla esikhumbeni esinempilo ngokulwa nengcindezi ye-oxidative futhi akhuthaze ibala elikhazimulayo.
Funda Futhi: 9 Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zomuthi Womhlonyane (Artemisia Annua)
Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Ukuze Kuzuzwe Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezihlinzekiwe ze Amaranthus dubius (Slender Amaranth)
1. Injabulo Yokudla: I-Amaranthus dubius ingaba isengezo esijabulisayo ekudleni kwakho kwansuku zonke, ukukufake ngesibhakela esinomsoco. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokupheka zokufaka lesi sitshalo esinomsoco ekudleni kwakho:
i. Amasaladi: Engeza amaqabunga amasha, athambile e-Amaranthus dubius kumasaladi akho ukuze uthole ukudla okuqabulayo kanye nokwanda kwamavithamini namaminerali.
ii. I-Stir-Fries: Gcoba amaqabunga nge-medley yemifino kanye ne-splash yamafutha omnqumo ukuze uthole ukuthosa okusheshayo nokunomsoco.
iii. Ama-Smoothies: Hlanganisa amaqabunga amasha ku-smoothies yakho yasekuseni ukuze uthole umthamo owengeziwe wamavithamini nama-antioxidants.
iv. Amasobho nezitshulu: Thela amaqabunga aqoshiwe ambalwa abe isobho noma isitshulu ngaphambi nje kokuwaphakela ukuze uthuthukise ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nokuqukethwe okunomsoco.
2. I-Herbal Infusion: Dala ukuthakwa kwemithi okupholisayo emaqabunga e-Amaranthus dubius ukuze ujabulele izinzuzo zayo zezempilo enkomishini yetiye efudumele:
i. Ukulungiselela itiye: Yomisa amaqabunga endaweni enomoya omuhle kuze kube yilapho epholile. Gcoba amaqabunga omisiwe bese ugibela isipuni samaqabunga achotshoziwe enkomishini yamanzi ashisayo imizuzu engu-5-7. Cindezela futhi uphuze ukuze uthole itiye le-herbal elizolile.
3. Ukuthakwa kwamafutha: Sebenzisa amaqabunga e-Amaranthus dubius ukufaka uwoyela ophethe futhi udale imikhiqizo enempilo yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba nezinwele:
i. Ukulungiswa kwamafutha: Geza futhi womise kahle amaqabunga. Beka amaqabunga omisiwe embizeni ehlanzekile yengilazi bese uwamboza ngamafutha okuphatha ozikhethele, njengamafutha kakhukhunathi noma amafutha omnqumo. Vala imbiza bese uyibeka endaweni enelanga amasonto angu-1-2 ukuvumela amafutha ukuba amunce ama-compounds anenzuzo emaqabunga. Gcoba uwoyela bese uwusebenzisela ukubhucunga umzimba noma njengesimomisi semvelo.
4. Amakhambi Esintu: Kwamanye amasiko, i-Amaranthus dubius isetshenziswe emakhambi endabuko ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okuthile kwezempilo:
i. I-Anti-Inflammatory Poultice: Gcoba amahlamvu amasha uwafake kunamathisele bese uwagcoba njengesithako ukuze udambise ukucasuka kwesikhumba noma ukulunywa yizinambuzane.
ii. Ukunakekelwa Kwezinwele: Bilisa amaqabunga e-Amaranthus dubius emanzini, uwayeke aphole, bese usebenzisa amanzi afakelwe njengesihlambi sezinwele ukukhuthaza impilo yekhanda lekhanda.
Imiphumela Eseceleni Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Sokwelapha i-Amaranthus dubius
1. Ukungezwani komzimba: Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase bangezwani nezitshalo ze-amaranth, kuhlanganise ne-Amaranthus dubius. Ukungezwani komzimba kungase kubonakale njengokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukulunywa, noma ngisho nokungakhululeki kwamathumbu. Uma unomlando we-allergies ehlobene nezitshalo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukusondela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ngokuqapha.
2. Okuqukethwe kwe-Oxalate: Njengemifino eminingi enamahlamvu, i-Amaranthus dubius iqukethe ama-oxalates, okuyizinhlanganisela ngokwemvelo ezitholakala kokunye ukudla. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwe-oxalates kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe ezinso kubantu abathintekayo. Uma unomlando wezinso noma usengozini, kuhle ukuthi ulinganise indlela odla ngayo i-amaranth nokunye ukudla okune-oxalate ephezulu.
3. Ukuphazamisa Imithi: I-Amaranthus dubius, njengezinye izitshalo ezinomsoco, iqukethe izinhlanganisela ezingase zihlangane nemithi ethile. Uma usebenzisa imishanguzo edinga imikhawulo ethile yokudla noma ukwazi ukusebenzisana nezinhlanganisela zezitshalo, thintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngaphambi kokwengeza i-amaranth ekudleni kwakho.
4. Ukuzwela Kokugaya: Nakuba okuqukethwe kwefayibha ku-Amaranthus dubius kungasiza abantu abaningi ekugayeni ukudla, abanye abantu bangase baphatheke kabi uma beyethula ekudleni kwabo. Ukuyihlanganisa kancane kancane nokuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele kungasiza ekwehliseni noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki.
5. Izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane: Uma ingakhuliswanga ngemvelo noma igezwe kahle, i-Amaranthus dubius ingase ibe nezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane. Kunconywa ukugeza kahle amaqabunga ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa noma ukhethe imithombo yemvelo noma nini lapho kungenzeka.
6. Ama-Goitrogens: I-Amaranthus dubius, njengeminye imifino ye-cruciferous, iqukethe izinhlanganisela ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-goitrogens. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-thyroid ngamanani amakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezinkinga ezikhona ze-thyroid. Ukupheka amaqabunga kungasiza ukunciphisa ama-goitrogenic compounds.
7. Ukuhlukahluka Kokuqukethwe kwe-Nutrien t: Okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ku-Amaranthus dubius kungahluka ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nezimo ezikhulayo kanye nekhwalithi yomhlabathi. Nakuba ngokuvamile kunomsoco, okuqukethwe kwezakhi zangempela zesitshalo osisebenzisayo kungase kuhluke kulokho okuvame ukubikwa.
8. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile: Nakuba i-Amaranthus dubius inothe ngemisoco, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kusengaholela ekungalinganini noma emiphumeleni engahlosiwe. Izinhlobonhlobo ekudleni kwakho kubalulekile ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola inqwaba yemisoco.
Ucwaningo Lwesayensi Nezifundo ze-Amaranthus dubius
1. Ukwakheka Komsoco: Ucwaningo oluningi luhlole okuqukethwe okunomsoco kwe-Amaranthus dubius, lwembula ukunotha kwayo kumaprotheni, amavithamini (ikakhulukazi A kanye no-C), amaminerali afana ne-calcium nensimbi, kanye nama-antioxidants, okwenza kube isengezo esibalulekile sokudla.
2. Izakhiwo Zokwelapha: Ucwaningo luye lwabheka amandla ayo okwelapha, luphakamisa indima yalo ekulawuleni izimo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, isifo sikashukela, kanye nokuvuvukala ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nezokulwa nokuvuvukala.
3. Izifundo ze-Agronomic: Ucwaningo lwe-Agronomic lugxile ekulimeni kwalo, ekuthuthukisweni kwesivuno, kanye nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo ezehlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula namandla kwalo njengomthombo wokudla.
4. Umsebenzi we-Antimicrobial: Izifundo zigqamisa izakhiwo zayo ezilwa namagciwane, ukuhlola ukusebenza kwayo ngokumelene namagciwane ahlukahlukene, okungase kube nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okunamandla kokwelapha.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwePhytochemical: Ucwaningo luye lwahlaziya kabanzi izitshalo ze-phytochemical compounds, zikhomba izakhi ze-bioactive ezifaka izinzuzo zayo zokudla okunomsoco nezokwelapha.
6. Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Toxicological: Ezinye izifundo zigxile ekuhloleni noma yibuphi ubuthi obungaba khona noma imiphumela emibi ehlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-Amaranthus dubius, okuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okuphephile.
7. Umthelela Wezemvelo: Ucwaningo luphenya umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile, okuhlanganisa neqhaza layo ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi namandla ayo njengesilimo esiqhubekayo ezinhlelweni zezolimo ezihlukahlukene.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nezincomo Ekusebenziseni Isitshalo Sezokwelapha i-Amaranthus dubius
1. Ubumsulwa kanye Nomthombo: Qinisekisa ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinokwethenjelwa, ezingangcolisiwe ukuze ugweme ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingcolisayo noma izinsimbi ezisindayo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekuphepheni kwayo ekusetshenzisweni komuthi.
2. Ukungezwani Nomzimba: Abantu abane-allergies eyaziwayo kufanele baqaphele, njengoba kuye kwabikwa ukungezwani nezinhlanganisela ezithile ze-Amaranthus dubius.
3. Umthamo kanye Nokulungiselela: Ukubambelela kwemithamo ngendlela efanele kubalulekile. Ukudla ngokweqile kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi. Ukuqonda izindlela ezifanele zokulungiselela kanye nemihlahlandlela yomthamo kubalulekile.
4. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: Ukubonisana nabahlinzeki bezempilo kuyelulekwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebenzisa imithi, njengoba izithako ezithile ku-Amaranthus dubius zingase zihlanganyele nezidakamizwa.
5. Ukugwema Ukungcola: Geza kahle amaqabunga ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa ukuze ususe noma yikuphi ukungcola okungaba khona noma izibulala-zinambuzane.
6. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe noma abahlengikazi kufanele bafune izeluleko zezokwelapha ngaphambi kokufaka i-Amaranthus dubius ekudleni kwabo noma ukuyisebenzisela ukwelapha.
7. Ukuqapha Imithelela Yezempilo: Ukuqapha njalo izimpendulo zezempilo ngazinye uma usebenzisa i-Amaranthus dubius kuyanconywa ukuze kulungiswe ngokushesha noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nesitshalo Sokwelapha i-Amaranthus dubius
1. Ingabe i-Amaranthus dubius iphephile ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke?
Ukusebenzisa amanani amaphakathi ngokuvamile kuphephile, kodwa thintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.
2. Ingabe i-Amaranthus dubius ingasiza ekulawuleni isifo sikashukela?
Olunye ucwaningo luphakamisa amandla ayo ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini, kodwa funa isiqondiso sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa njengekhambi.
3. I-Amaranthus dubius kufanele ilungiselelwe kanjani ukusetshenziswa komuthi?
Ingadliwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene—iluhlaza kumasaladi, iphekwe njengesitsha esiseceleni, noma isetshenziselwe itiye—kodwa iqinisekise izindlela zokuhlanza nezindlela zokupheka ezifanele.
4. Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo yokusebenzisa i-Amaranthus dubius ngomuthi?
Ukungezwani komzimba nokusebenzisana nemithi kungenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuqapha noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma ludingeka.
5. Ingabe izingane zingadla ngokuphepha i-Amaranthus dubius?
Ngokulinganisela nangemva kokubonisana nodokotela wezingane, ingafakwa ekudleni kwengane ngenxa yenani layo lokudla okunomsoco.
6. Ingabe bukhona ubufakazi besayensi obusekela izinzuzo zayo zezokwelapha?
Yebo, ucwaningo lugqamisa umsoco kanye nezakhiwo zalo zokwelapha ezingaba khona, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe lusaqhubeka ukuze kutholakale amandla alo aphelele okwelapha.
7. Ihluke kanjani i-Amaranthus dubius kwezinye izinhlobo ze-amaranth?
Nakuba izinhlobo ezahlukene zihlanganyela ngokufana, ngayinye ingaba nezakhi zomsoco ezihlukile kanye nezakhiwo zokwelapha. Njalo qinisekisa izici ezithile ukuze zisetshenziswe ngokunembile.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo kanye nolwazi kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichazwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha esiqeqeshiwe, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amakhambi noma ikhambi lemvelo ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Ungabathola Kanjani Abatshalizimali Be-House Flipping