With the seed germination, the independence of the next generation of plants begins. Seeds have to germinate and get established to produce the next set… Read More »Seed Germination and Dormancy to Plant Growth and Development
For proper crop storage, temperature management is important throughout the period between harvest and consumption in order to maintain good produce quality. Cooling practices provide… Read More »Best Environment for Crop Storage and Complete Guide
In crop production, crops are domesticated plants that we grow on our farms, orchards and gardens. These crops vary in their climatic, nutritional requirements and… Read More »Factors Affecting Permanent Crop Production
Permanent crops are perennial trees, bushes or vine crops like citrus, apples, blueberries, nuts or grapes. The practice is associated with high cost, hence planning… Read More »Permanent Crops Cultivation and Characteristics of Permanent Plants
All the developmental processes occurring in plants involve plant growth. The growth of plants involves various changes such as the addition of new cells through… Read More »Factors Affecting Plant Growth and Development
Environment is the primary factor that influences plant growth and development and has also the greatest effect on crop distribution on the earth. The world… Read More »Role of Environmental Resources to Plant Growth and Development
Processing, packaging, and exporting bananas and plantains involve several important steps to ensure the fruits reach international markets in good condition. Processing Bananas and Plantains… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Bananas and Plantains
To successfully export apples, start by selecting high-quality apples that are ripe, free from bruises, and disease-free. Wash the apples thoroughly to remove any dirt… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Apples
Processing, packaging, and exporting grapes requires careful attention to detail to ensure the best quality and profitability. First, grapes must be harvested at their peak… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Grapes
Introduction: Sunflower seeds are popular for their nutritional value and are used in various products, including oils and snacks. This guide provides detailed steps on… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Sunflower Seeds
Lemons are a valuable commodity in the global market, and the process of getting them from the orchard to international buyers requires careful attention to… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Lemons
Processing, packaging, and exporting soybeans involves several key steps to ensure the product reaches international markets in excellent condition. The process begins with harvesting soybeans… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Soybeans
Processing beans for export involves several critical steps to ensure high quality and compliance with international standards. The process begins with selecting beans that are… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Beans (Common Beans, Kidney Beans)
Groundnuts, or peanuts, are a valuable agricultural product with high demand internationally. To ensure they meet quality standards and fetch good prices, proper processing, packaging,… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Groundnuts (Peanuts)
Processing maize for export involves several key steps to ensure the final product is of high quality and ready for international markets. The process begins… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Maize (Corn)
Processing Barley for Exportation starts with harvesting mature barley when the kernels are hard and dry. Proper cleaning follows, where impurities are removed using grain… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Barley
When plants create nutrients in their leaves, how do materials get to the rest of the plant? When you eat, how does the food get… Read More »Translocation and Respiration in Plant Growth and Development
All living organisms consist of cells. These cells form tissues at tissues constitute the plant organs. The various parts of plants are linked together and… Read More »Roles of Plant Organs: Leaf, Stem, Roots, Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds
Plant productivity is decreasing due to detrimental effects of various biotic and abiotic yield reduction factors that are majorly environmental in nature. Therefore, minimizing these… Read More »Yield Components of Plant Productivity and Limiting Factors
Processing millet for export begins with harvesting the grains when they are fully mature and dry. This can be done using a combine harvester for… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Millet
Processing, packaging, and exporting rice involves several critical steps to ensure high quality and successful trade. Understanding each step is essential for anyone looking to… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Rice
Processing, packaging, and exporting pigeon peas involves a detailed approach to ensure quality and compliance with international standards. This guide provides a clear and comprehensive… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Pigeon Peas
Processing, packaging, and exporting sesame seeds involves several critical steps to ensure that they meet international standards and reach their destination in top condition. This… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Sesame Seeds
Processing, packaging, and exporting okra involves a series of steps to ensure the vegetable reaches international markets in the best condition. Start with harvesting okra… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Okra
Exporting lentils involves a series of detailed steps designed to maintain quality and meet international standards. From initial processing to final packaging and shipping, each… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Lentils
Processing chickpeas begins with harvesting and follows through to preparing them for export. Start by harvesting the chickpeas when the pods are brown and dry.… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Chickpeas
Processing, packaging, and exporting cowpeas involves a detailed approach to ensure that the product meets international standards and reaches buyers in optimal condition. This guide… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Cowpeas
Exporting cabbages involves a detailed process to ensure they maintain quality and meet international standards. From harvesting to final shipment, each step is crucial for… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Cabbages
First, wheat is harvested when the grains are dry and hard, usually in late summer or early fall, using a combine harvester. After harvesting, the… Read More »How to Process, Package, and Export Wheat
Most terrestrial plants grow by selective absorption of natural light from the sun. Sunshine is important in plant growth because the heat and the light… Read More »Light and Solar Radiation to Plant Growth and Development
Plant growth or growth in a plant is the outcome of cell division, enlargement of the new cells and their differentiation into different types of… Read More »Plant Growth and Measurements Guide
In agriculture and horticulture, seed treatment or seed dressing is a chemical, typically antimicrobial or fungicidal, with which seeds are treated (or “dressed”) prior to… Read More »Seed Dressing Techniques and Guide
The Sigmoid Growth Curve is a pattern of growth of an organism in a new environment where by the population density of that organism increases… Read More »The Sigmoid Growth Curve and Phases of the Sigmoid Growth Curve
Calibrating a knapsack or compression sprayer is a simple task which takes little time. A sprayer with a pressure gauge is the best one to… Read More »Calibration of Knapsack or Compression Sprayers
Plant disease is any abnormal condition that damages a plant and reduces its productivity or usefulness to man. A diseased plant or group of diseased… Read More »Determination of Plant Disease Incidence and Severity
What is Agricultural Biotechnology? Biotechnology is not a new era of scientific endeavour: microorganisms have been used to produce food such as beer, vinegar, yoghurt… Read More »Introduction to Agricultural Biotechnology
Photosynthesis is one of the principle biochemical processes underpinning plant growth and development. Because of its basic nature, it is intimately involved with reproductive growth… Read More »Photosynthesis, Plant Growth and Partitioning of Assimilate
Plant growth is a process that is highly relevant in a range of contexts. The ability of an individual plant to grow and achieve a… Read More »Mechanisms in Plant Growth and Development
Plant growth analysis is an explanatory, holistic and integrative approach to interpreting plant form and function. It uses simple primary data in the form of… Read More »Traditional Plant Growth Analysis Guide
Plant development is the general term for changes in form brought about through growth and differentiation. Because post-mitotic expansion processes in plants are largely driven… Read More »Plant Growth Stages and Plant Development
A plant disease is impairment of the normal state of a plant as it modifies or interrupts its vital functions. Crop diseases are common on… Read More »Plant Disease Album Preparation Guide
The organic farming market is characterized by a growing demand for products that are produced without synthetic chemicals, genetically modified organisms, or artificial additives. This… Read More »Organic Farming Market and Key Drivers of Organic Farming Market Expansion
Organic farming resources are essential tools, materials, and knowledge required to successfully implement and maintain organic farming practices. These resources help ensure that organic farms… Read More »The Required Organic Farming Resources
Organic farming pesticides are substances used to control pests and diseases in organic farming systems without relying on synthetic chemicals. These pesticides are derived from… Read More »Organic Farming Pesticides: Types and Application Methods
Organic gardening for beginners focuses on cultivating plants using natural methods that promote soil health, environmental sustainability, and plant vitality. Starting with organic gardening can… Read More »Complete Organic Gardening for Beginners Guide
Organic gardening tips emphasizes natural methods that promote environmental sustainability and plant health. The key to a thriving organic garden starts with healthy soil. Enrich… Read More »Organic Gardening Tips and Complete Guide
Organic crop rotation involves planting different types of crops sequentially on the same land over multiple growing seasons. This practice is designed to improve soil… Read More »Complete Guide on Organic Crop Rotation Strategies
Organic farming tips emphasizes practices that promote soil health, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare. A focus on soil health is essential, as healthy soil is… Read More »Best Organic Farming Tips for Farmers
Organic soil amendments are materials added to soil to improve its physical properties, nutrient content, and overall health without the use of synthetic chemicals. These… Read More »Organic Soil Amendments: Types, Benefits and Application Methods
Organic agriculture practices focus on cultivating crops and raising livestock using natural processes. This method avoids synthetic chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).… Read More »Introduction to Best Organic Agriculture Practices
Organic food is produced using methods that respect natural processes and cycles, avoiding synthetic chemicals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). These methods focus on maintaining… Read More »Introduction to Organic Food and Its Benefits
Conventional farming, also known as industrial or modern agriculture, utilizes synthetic chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides, and GMOs to maximize crop yields and livestock production. It often… Read More »Conventional Farming vs Organic Agriculture
Organic agriculture is a holistic approach to farming that emphasizes sustainability, environmental health, and ethical practices. Unlike conventional farming, which often relies on synthetic chemicals… Read More »Introduction to Organic Agriculture for Beginners
Organic farming regulations are guidelines and standards set to ensure that agricultural products labeled as “organic” are produced through specific practices that protect environmental health,… Read More »Introduction to Organic Farming Regulations
Organic agriculture techniques are methods used to grow crops and raise livestock without synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers. These techniques aim to… Read More »Introduction to Organic Agriculture Techniques
Organic livestock farming is a method of raising animals that aligns with the principles of organic agriculture, focusing on sustainability, animal welfare, and environmental health.… Read More »Organic Livestock: Key Organic Livestock Practices
One of the primary benefits of organic agriculture is its positive effect on environmental health. Organic farming practices avoid synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, reducing the… Read More »Organic Agriculture Benefits and Importance
Organic soil is a type of soil that is rich in organic matter, which includes decomposed plant and animal residues, microorganisms, and humus. This soil… Read More »Introduction to Organic Soil and Components of Organic Soil
Organic fertilizers are natural substances derived from plant, animal, or mineral sources that provide essential nutrients to plants and improve soil health. Unlike synthetic fertilizers,… Read More »Organic Fertilizers: Types, Uses and Methods of Application
Organic pest control is an environmentally friendly approach to managing garden pests without synthetic chemicals. It focuses on using natural methods and materials to control… Read More »Organic Pest Control Methods and Benefits
Organic gardening is a method of growing plants that relies on natural processes and inputs, avoiding synthetic chemicals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This approach… Read More »Organic Gardening: Steps to Start an Organic Garden
Organic farming is a method of agriculture that relies on natural processes and inputs, avoiding synthetic chemicals and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It emphasizes sustainable… Read More »Introduction and Benefits of Organic Farming
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life including reproduction in plants. Each individual organism exists as a result of reproduction. Reproduction is essential… Read More »Sexual and Asexual Reproduction in Plants
Trying to understand plant growth hormones? You may have often wondered why in a germinating seedling, roots grow in downward direction whereas shoots grow upwards.… Read More »Types, Effects, Applications and Classification of Plant Growth Hormones
In the field of agriculture, biotechnology has contributed to crop improvement by developing salt and drought resistant crops, developing crop varieties which can fix atmospheric… Read More »Contribution of Biotechnology to Crop Production and Related Fields
Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce a large number of progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Micropropagation… Read More »Process and Importance of Micropropagation
In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell’s genome or the DNA or RNA sequence… Read More »Mutation, Causes and Control of Mutation
All pesticides are poisonous. Extra care should be taken to avoid pesticide poisoning of the applicator and damage to the environment. Damage to both man… Read More »Safety Precautions and Demonstration of First Aid in Pesticide Poisoning
Control of Plant Viruses: There are currently three approaches to controlling plant viruses. Pesticides are used to control the invertebrate vector. This can be environmentally… Read More »Production of Disease and Pest Resistant Plants
As well as losses to crops caused by diseases, animals such as plant pests, insects and nematodes are significant biotic factors. There are two basic… Read More »Introduction to Plant Pests and Insects
You may ask the question, “Why are transgenics needed?” Transgenic crops are satisfying needs which crop varieties produced by conventional breeding methods cannot. Some people… Read More »Constraints of Crop Production and Impact of Biotechnology
Pest identification is the first step in any pest management situation. Accurate identification is the most important step as misidentification is a common cause of… Read More »Pest Management and Symptoms of Diseases on Crops
Some plants contain toxic substances in that are harmful to ruminants. Plants that contain toxic substances in high amounts are poisonous plants. These toxins that… Read More »Common Poisonous Plants of Livestock and Control Measures
Pesticides are not sold in its pure form because they are highly toxic, thus they are often diluted with any carrier to avoid the hazards… Read More »Guide to Pesticide Dosage Calculation and Application
Farmers procure pesticides and pesticide sprayers for use on their farms for intended purposes. These can only be achieved if the pesticide calculation is correctly… Read More »Application of Chemical and Operation of Pesticide Sprayers
Animals are constantly exposed to a variety of disease-causing agents or pathogens. When these pathogens enter the body and are able to colonize the host… Read More »Principles and Types of Animal Immunity
Farm tools are work implements frequently used for farm operations. These operational tools are prune to wear and tear which should be maintained, repaired or… Read More »Farm Tools and Sanitation Guide
Parasitic diseases are those diseases caused by parasites and a parasite is a small organism that lives on or in and at the expense of… Read More »Parasitic Diseases of Livestock and Control Measures
Growing hydroponic green fodder is gaining popularity as the day passes by. Hydroponic green fodder system has many benefits and through this system you can… Read More »Guide on Growing Hydroponic Green Fodder
Do you want to know about fast-growing trees to beautify your lawn or garden? We recommend you look into pine trees because they are the… Read More »How Long Does It Take A Pine Tree to Grow
Metabolic diseases are non-infectious conditions and result from a disturbance in metabolism or metabolic processes in the animal rather than under-nutrition or deficiencies. Nutritional diseases… Read More »Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases of Livestock and Control
The state or condition of an animal or group of animals to large extent determines how it reacts to the presence of an infectious agent.… Read More »Factors Affecting the Health Status of Animals and Solutions
The following are the guidelines to proper animal feed storage and the methods available; 1. Store all feed and ingredients at a cool temperature (ideally… Read More »Guideline to Proper Animal Feed Storage and Methods
Bacterial diseases are those diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria which invade and multiply within the animal’s body. Some these bacterial diseases are very serious and… Read More »Bacterial Diseases of Livestock and Control Measures
Viral diseases are caused by viruses which invade and replicate inside cells within the animal’s body. Some of the viral diseases affecting ruminants can be… Read More »Viral Diseases of Livestock and Control Measures
A disease including livestock diseases can be described as a condition resulting in a deviation from the normal functional or behavioural status of an animal.… Read More »Classification of Livestock Diseases and Methods of Transmission
Animal production including livestock production can be improved by increase in animal number (herd size) and increase output per unit animal. In order to achieve… Read More »Guide to Proper Prevention and Control of Livestock Diseases
Animal feedstuffs for livestock feedstuffs include forages and grain-based and coproduce feeds. Grazed forages generally make up the bulk of livestock diets in Mississippi, but… Read More »Proper Methods of Storage and Handling of Animal Feedstuffs
This article outlines the role of animal feed evaluation in animal production, providing an overview of feed evaluation methods, current feeding systems and empirical and… Read More »Method of Animal Feed Evaluation and its Relevance
Many types of animal feed ingredients or animal feedstuffs are available to supply the nutritional needs of livestock. These feedstuffs are the raw materials that… Read More »Classification of Animal Feedstuffs
