I-Djenkol eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Archindendron pauciflorum iwuhlobo lwesihlahla oludabuka eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi i-Indonesia, iMalaysia, neThailand. Ingowomndeni wakwaFabaceae, okuwumndeni ofanayo nezidumba nobhontshisi. Isihlahla se-djenkol sitshalwa isithelo saso, esibizwa nangokuthi i-djenkol.
Isihlahla se-djenkol yisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esiphakathi nendawo esingafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-30 (amafidi angama-49 kuye kwangama-98). Amaqabunga ayinhlanganisela, iqabunga ngalinye linamapheya amaningana amapheshana ahlelwe eduze kwesiqu esimaphakathi. Amapheshana anesimo se-elliptical, futhi amaqabunga abukeka ecwebezelayo.
Izimbali zincane futhi ngokuvamile ziluhlaza-phuzi, zihlelwe ngamaqoqo. Anephunga elimnandi futhi aqukethe kokubili izingxenye zokuzala zabesilisa nabesifazane. Isithelo sesihlahla se-djenkol siyi-pod eluhlaza, emide. I-pod iqukethe imbewu eminingana efakwe ku-pulp enamathelayo ne-fibrous.
Imbewu yesihlahla se-djenkol isetshenziswa ngokwesiko e-Southeast Asian cuisines. Ngokuvamile zibiliswa, zosiwe, noma zithoswe ngaphambi kokuba zidliwe. Ukunambitheka kwembewu kuchazwa njenge-nutty futhi kumnandi kancane.
Ekusetshenzisweni kokupheka, asetshenziswa njenge-condiment noma ukunambitheka ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene. Imbewu ye-Djenkol nayo isetshenziswe emithini yendabuko kwamanye amasiko aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Incazelo yeBotanical ye-Djenkol
1. Impilo: I-Djenkol, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Archindendron pauciflorum, isihlahla esinamaqabunga esibonakala ngosayizi waso ophakathi nendawo kuya omkhulu, ofinyelela ukuphakama okungafika kumamitha angama-25. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwezihlahla uhilela ukulahla amahlamvu aso minyaka yonke, okunomthelela ekuvuthukeni kwezinhlobo zezitshalo.
2. Amaqabunga Namahlamvu: Amaqabunga ahlanganisiwe esihlahla se-Djenkol ahlanganiswe ngokuphindwe kabili, anamapheshana amaningi ahlelwe eduze kwesiqu esimaphakathi. Lawa mapheshana aluhlaza okotshani anomthelela ekwenzeni izihlahla zibe luhlaza ngesikhathi sokukhula.
3. Izimbali Nokukhiqiza: Isihlahla sikhiqiza izimbali ezincane, ezinephunga elimnandi ezihlangana zibe ama-inflorescences. Izakhiwo zokuzala zibangela ama-pods amade aqukethe imbewu. Imbewu, eyaziwa ngokuthi ubhontshisi we-Djenkol, iyisici esihlukile esihlahleni.
4. Igxolo Nesiqu: Amagxolo esihlahla se-Djenkol abushelelezi futhi ampunga ngokukhanyayo lapho esemancane, kancane kancane abe namaholoholo futhi aqhekeke njengoba isihlahla sikhula. Isiqu ngokuvamile siqondile, sinikeza ukuzinza esihlahleni njengoba sikhula.
I-Geographic Distribution ye-Djenkol
1. Ububanzi bemvelo: I-Djenkol idabuka eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi etholakala emazweni afana neThailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, kanye nePhilippines. Ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo ezinemvula eyanele.
2. Okuncanyelwayo Kwesimo Sezulu: Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla luthanda izindawo ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Ijwayelana kahle namahlathi emvula kodwa ingatholakala nasezindaweni ezinenkathi yemvula ehlukile neyomile.
3. Ukuvumelana Nenhlabathi: Izihlahla ze-Djenkol zihlukahlukene ngokuthanda inhlabathi, ngokuvamile zikhula enhlabathini ehlanzekile. Bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi, kuhlanganise nenhlabathi enobumba nesihlabathi, okunomthelela ekhonweni labo lokuchuma ezindaweni ezahlukene.
4. Ukukhuliswa Kwabantu: Nakuba ngokuyinhloko uhlobo lwendabuko, i-Djenkol yethulwe futhi yatshalwa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi emasimini ezitshalo nasezifundeni ezishisayo lapho isimo sezulu sivumela ukukhula kwayo.
I-Chemical Composition ye-Djenkol
1. Okuqukethwe Okunomsoco: Ubhontshisi we-Djenkol unothile ngezakhi, okuhlanganisa amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, namaminerali abalulekile. Ukwakheka komsoco kwala mabhontshisi kuwenza abe umthombo ongaba khona wokudla ezindaweni ezithile lapho isihlahla sivame khona.
2. Amakhemikhali e-Phytochemicals: Isihlahla se-Djenkol siqukethe ama-phytochemicals ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ama-flavonoid nama-tannins. Lezi zinhlanganisela zifaka isandla ezihlahleni ukuzivikela kwemvelo futhi zingase zibe nomthelela empilweni yomuntu.
3. Izakhiwo Zokwelapha: Ezinye izinqubo zokwelapha zendabuko zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Djenkol ngezifo ezihlukahlukene. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luhlola izici zomuthi ezingaba khona, ngokugxila emagxolweni aso, amaqabunga, nembewu.
4. Ukusetshenziswa Kokudla: Ubhontshisi we-Djenkol usetshenziswa ku-cuisines yesifunda, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukulungiselela okungalungile kungaholela ezindabeni zezempilo, njengoba ubhontshisi uqukethe inhlanganisela engacwebezela emgudwini womchamo.
Funda Futhi: 29 Amandla Okuphulukisa e-Bitterleaf (Vernonia Amygdalina)
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zokwelapha ze-Djenkol (Archidendron pauciflorum)
Nakuba imbewu ye-djenkol (Archidendron pauciflorum) isetshenziswe ngokwesiko kwamanye amasiko aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ngezindawo zayo zokwelapha ezingaba khona, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunobungozi bezempilo obubalulekile obuhambisana nokudla imbewu ye-djenkol eluhlaza noma ecutshungulwe ngokungafanele.
Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ukuthi kungenzeka kube ne-djenkolism, isimo esibangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwamakristalu e-urinary tract, okuholela ematshe ezinso kanye nokuvinjelwa komchamo. Ngenxa yalezi zingozi, ukuqapha kuyelulekwa lapho kucatshangelwa noma yiziphi izinzuzo ezingaba khona zezokwelapha ze-djenkol..
Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo zezempilo zezokwelapha ze-djenkol, kanye nezibonelo ezihlobene:
1. I-diuretic Izakhiwo: Imbewu ye-Djenkol kukholakala ukuthi inezinto zokukhipha isisu, okusho ukuthi ingase ikhulise ukukhiqizwa komchamo futhi ikhuthaze ukuqedwa kodoti noketshezi oluningi emzimbeni.
Emithi yendabuko, imbewu ye-djenkol isetshenziselwe ukukhuthaza ukugeleza komchamo futhi ngokunokwenzeka ekudambiseni izimpawu zezifo zomgudu womchamo. Ukwanda kokuphuma komchamo kungasiza ukukhipha amagciwane kanye nobuthi ohlelweni lokuchama.
2. Umgudu Womchamo Impilo: Imbewu ye-Djenkol isetshenziswe kwamanye amasiko ukusekela impilo ye-urinary tract kanye nokuvimbela izifo ze-urinary tract. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi izakhiwo ze-diuretic ne-antibacterial zembewu ye-djenkol zingasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekulawuleni izifo ze-urinary tract. Ukwanda kokugeleza komchamo kungasiza ukunciphisa ukugcwala kwamagciwane emgudwini womchamo.
3. Izinso Impilo: Imbewu ye-Djenkol kukholakala ukuthi inezinto ezingase zisekele impilo nokusebenza kwezinso. Kungenzeka ukuthi odokotela bendabuko basebenzisa imbewu ye-djenkol ukusiza ukuhlanza izinso nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ingozi ye-djenkolism kanye nokwakheka kwamatshe ezinso kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa lezi zinzuzo ezingaba khona.
4. I-Antioxidant Okungenzeka: Imbewu ye-Djenkol ingase ibe nama-antioxidants angavikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative futhi abe nomthelela empilweni yonke. Ama-Antioxidants aziwa ngokudlala indima ekunciphiseni ukulimala kwamaselula okubangelwa ama-radicals mahhala.
Abanye abasekeli be-djenkol bangase baphakamise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungabangela ukuzivikela kwe-antioxidant, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kutholakale lezi zimangalo.
5. Ukudla okunomsoco Inani: Imbewu ye-Djenkol ingase ibe nenani lokudla okunempilo ngenxa yamaprotheni, i-fibre, kanye nokuqukethwe kwamaminerali. Njengemifino eminingi, imbewu ye-djenkol inganikeza umthombo wamaprotheni asekelwe ezitshalweni
Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Ukuze Kuzuzwe Izinzuzo Zezempilo Ezihlinzekiwe ze-Djenkol (Archidendron pauciflorum)
Nazi ezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa ezingase zisetshenziswe ukuze kuzuzwe izinzuzo ezilungile zokwelapha ze-Djenkol (Archidendron Pauciflorum);
1. Ukubilisa: Ekusetshenzisweni kwendabuko, imbewu ye-djenkol yayivame ukubiliswa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Ukubilisa kukholakala ukuthi kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-djenkolism ngokudiliza noma ukunciphisa ezinye zezinhlanganisela ezingase zicwebezele emgudwini womchamo.
Bilisa amanzi bese uqhubeka nokubilisa isikhathi esithile. Ubude obuqondile bungahluka kuye ngezinqubo zendabuko. Ngemva kokubilisa, khipha amanzi bese uhlanza imbewu kahle ukuze ususe noma yiziphi izinto ezisele ezingase zibangele izinkinga zomchamo. Uma imbewu isibilisiwe futhi ihlanjululwa, ingaphekwa ngokuqhubekayo ngokugazinga noma ukuthosa uma kuthanda. Lokhu kungase kwengeze ukunambitheka futhi kuthuthukise ukugayeka kokudla.
2. Ukugazinga: Ukushisa imbewu ye-djenkol kungenye indlela okukholelwa ukuthi inciphisa ingozi ye-djenkolism ngenkathi yenza imbewu ibe mnandi kakhulu. Shisisa ihhavini noma ipani ukuze ugazise. Spread imbewu ye-djenkol ngokulinganayo ebhodini lokubhaka noma epanini elomile.
Faka imbewu kuhhavini oshisayo noma epanini bese uyigazinga kuze kube yilapho yomile futhi i-crispy kancane. Lokhu kungasiza ukudiliza ezinye zezinhlanganisela eziyinkinga futhi kunciphise ukugxila kwazo. Vumela imbewu ethosiwe ukuthi iphole ngaphambi kokuyidla. Zingadliwa zodwa noma zisetshenziswe njengesithako ezitsheni ezihlukahlukene.
3. Ukuthosa: Ukuthosa kungenye indlela engasetshenziswa ukulungisa imbewu ye-djenkol ukuze isetshenziswe, okungase kunciphise ingozi ye-djenkolism ngenkathi yengeza ukunambitheka..
Shisisa amafutha epanini lokuthosa. Faka imbewu ye-djenkol emafutheni ashisayo bese uyithosa ize ibe nsundu yegolide futhi ibe crispy. Uma usuthosiwe, susa imbewu emafutheni bese uyibeka emathawulani wephepha ukuze ukhiphe amafutha amaningi. Vumela imbewu ethosiwe ukuthi iphole ngaphambi kokuyidla. Angadliwa njengokudla okulula noma asetshenziswe ekuphekeni.
Funda Futhi: Ukudla Kwesoya: Izinzuzo Zezempilo, Amandla Okuphulukisa kanye Nokusetshenziswa
Imiphumela Emibi Yokusebenzisa Isitshalo Semithi Ye-Djenkol
Ukusebenzisa imbewu ye-djenkol kungaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zemiphumela emibi, ngokukhathazeka okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka kube nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-djenkolism. I-Djenkolism ibangelwa ukucwebezela kwezinhlanganisela ezithile embewini engaphakathi komgudu womchamo, okungaholela ekwakhekeni kwamatshe ezinso kanye nokuvinjwa komchamo..
Nansi eminye yemiphumela emibi engaba khona kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nokusebenzisa isitshalo sokwelapha i-djenkol:
1. I-Djenkolism: Lena ingozi enkulu kakhulu ehambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-djenkol. I-crystallization of compounds evela kumbewu ye-djenkol emgudwini womchamo ingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ubunzima bokuchama, kanye negazi emchameni. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe ezinso kanye nokuvinjelwa komchamo kuyimiphumela evamile ye-djenkolism.
2. Amatshe Ezinso: I-crystallization yezinto ezivela kumbewu ye-djenkol ingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni amatshe ezinso. Amatshe ezinso angabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukungakhululeki komchamo, kanye nezinkinga uma kungelashwa.
3. Ukuvaleka komchamo: Izinhlanganisela ezicwebezelayo zingabangela ukuvaleka komchamo, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuchama kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona uma ukuvinjelwa kungaxazululwa.
4. Ukulimala Kwezinso: Ukuba khona kwamatshe ezinso kanye nokuvaleka komchamo kungabangela ukulimala ezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinso.
5. Ukucindezeleka Kwamathumbu: Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nokungakhululeki kokugaya ukudla, njengokuqunjelwa, igesi, nobuhlungu besisu, ngemva kokudla imbewu ye-djenkol.
6. Ukungezwani Nomzimba: Njenganoma yikuphi ukudla, imbewu ye-djenkol ingase ibangele ukungezwani komzimba kubantu abazwelayo, okuholela ezimpawu ezinjengokulunywa, ukuqunjelwa, ukuvuvukala, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.
7. Ukucasuka kwamathumbu: Imvelo ene-fibrous yembewu ye-djenkol ingabangela ukucasuka ku-gastrointestinal tract, okuholela ekuphatheni kabi noma ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla.
8. Ukusebenzisana Nemithi: Imbewu ye-Djenkol ingase ihlanganyele nemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo ethinta ukusebenza kwezinso noma ukugeleza komchamo. Uma uthatha imithi, thintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokudla i-djenkol.
Ngenxa yale miphumela emibi engase ibe khona kanye nezingozi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-djenkol ngezinzuzo zayo zokwelapha kufanele kusondele ngokuqapha okukhulu, futhi kuyalulekwa ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe bezempilo abaqeqeshiwe ngaphambi kokucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Nezincomo Ekusebenziseni Isitshalo Semithi Ye-Djenkol
1. Isikali esilawulwayo: Lapho usebenzisa i-Djenkol njengesitshalo sokwelapha, kubalulekile ukunamathela ezincomo zomthamo olawulwayo. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokulinganisela.
2. Ukungezwani Nomzimba: Abantu ngabanye kufanele baqaphele mayelana nokungezwani okungenzeka kwe-Djenkol. Izimpendulo zokungezwani komzimba zingahluka, futhi abasebenzisi bayelulekwa ukuthi benze ukuhlolwa kwesichibi ngaphambi kokukuhlanganisa ezindleleni zabo zokwelapha.
3. Ukubonisana Nabasebenzi Bezempilo: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-Djenkol ngezinjongo zokwelapha, ukubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo kubalulekile. Banganikeza isiqondiso somuntu siqu esisekelwe ezimweni zezempilo ngazinye, ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle.
4. Ukukhulelwa Nokuncelisa: Abantu abakhulelwe nabancelisayo kufanele baqaphele lapho becabangela i-Djenkol. Ucwaningo olulinganiselwe lukhona ngemiphumela yalo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi kuyatuseka ukuthintana nabahlinzeki bezempilo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
5. Ukusebenzisana okungenzeka: I-Djenkol ingase ihlanganyele nemithi ethile. Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinqunyiwe kufanele bafune iseluleko kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze bagweme ukusebenzisana okungase kubeke impilo yabo engozini.
6. Ukuhlonza nokutholakala: Ukuhlonza okunembile kwe-Djenkol kanye nokutholakala kwabahlinzeki abahlonishwayo kuyizinyathelo zokuphepha ezibalulekile. Ukuhlonza okufanele kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi basebenza nesitshalo esilungile, kuyilapho ukutholakala kwemithombo ehloniphekile kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokwelapha.
7. Ukuqapha Imiphumela Emibi: Ukuqapha njalo noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ngesikhathi nangemva kokusebenzisa i-Djenkol kuyanconywa. Uma kuvela ukusabela okubi, abasebenzisi kufanele bayeke ukusebenzisa futhi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ubufakazi Besayensi kanye nezifundo ze-Djenkol
1. Shukri et al. (2011): Ucwaningo lukaShukri et al. ithole ukuthi i-djenkol yokudla inciphisa amazinga eglucose egazini kumagundane esifo sikashukela esibangelwa yi-streptozotocin ngemva kwamasonto angu-12, amazinga ajwayelekile. Iphinde yathuthukisa isifiso sokudla, isisindo somzimba, nokusebenza kwama-pancreas, iphakamisa amandla e-antidiabetic. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela enobuthi yaphawulwa kumagundane avamile, okubonisa ukuqaphela ukusetshenziswa okungezona isifo sikashukela (Shukri, R., Alias, A., & Bhat, R., 2011).
2. Razab and Aziz (2010): Lolu cwaningo luhlonze okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polyphenolic ku-djenkol, okunomthelela ekusebenzeni kwayo kwe-antioxidant. Ucwaningo lwagqamisa amandla alo okulwa nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, okungase kunciphise ingozi yezifo ezingapheli njengomdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo (Razab, R., & Aziz, A., 2010).
3. Murakami et al. (1995): Ukuhlola okukhishwe kwe-djenkol, lolu cwaningo lwathola ukuvinjelwa okungaphezu kuka-30% kwe-Epstein-Barr virus activation, okubonisa izakhiwo ezingaba khona zokulwa nomdlavuza. Ukuba khona kwama-phenolic compounds kwakuxhunywe kulo mphumela, kusekela indima ye-djenkol ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza (Murakami, A., et al., 1995).
4. Abadi et al. (2018): Ucwaningo nge-jengkol peel peel extract lubonise ukuthi ivikela izicubu zenhliziyo kumagundane anesifo sikashukela enziwa yi-streptozotocin. Ucwaningo luphakamise ukuthi ama-antioxidants okukhishwa anganciphisa ukulimala kwenhliziyo okuhlobene nesifo sikashukela, anikeze izinzuzo zenhliziyo (Abadi, SA, Illiyyin, Z., Rachmadina, JR, & Malini, DM, 2018).
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nesitshalo Semithi Ye-Djenkol
1. Ingabe i-Djenkol iphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside?
Nakuba i-Djenkol isetshenziswe ngokwesiko ngezinjongo zokwelapha, ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside akukasungulwa ngokugcwele. Kuyatuseka ukuthintana nochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso esiqondene nawe.
2. Ingabe i-Djenkol ingasetshenziselwa izingane?
Ukuphepha kwe-Djenkol ezinganeni akulotshiwe kahle. Kuyanconywa ukuthi ugweme ukuyisebenzisela abantu bezingane ngaphandle kokuqondiswa okucacile okuvela kubahlinzeki bezempilo.
3. Yimiphi imiphumela emibi evamile ye-Djenkol?
Imiphumela emibi evamile ingase ihlanganise ukungakhululeki kwamathumbu. Nokho, ukusabela ngakunye kungahluka, futhi abasebenzisi kufanele baqaphele noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi.
4. I-Djenkol kufanele ilungiselelwe kanjani ukusetshenziswa komuthi?
Izindlela zokulungiselela zingahluka. Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele imikhuba yesintu noma uthintane nabelaphi bemithi ukuze uthole isiqondiso mayelana nokulungiselela kahle kanye nomthamo.
5. Ingabe i-Djenkol ingakwazi ukuxhumana nemithi?
I-Djenkol ingase ihlanganyele nemithi ethile. Abasebenzisi kufanele bazise abahlinzeki babo bezempilo mayelana nanoma yimiphi imithi eqhubekayo ukuze bagweme ukusebenzisana okungaba khona.
6. Ingabe i-Djenkol iphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Ulwazi olulinganiselwe luyatholakala ngokuphepha kwe-Djenkol ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Abantu abakhulelwe kufanele bathintane nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa.
7. Ungatholaphi umthombo owodwa wekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Djenkol?
Ukuthola kubahlinzeki bemithi yamakhambi abahlonishwayo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuhlonzwa okufanele kubalulekile. Abasebenzisi kufanele babeke phambili ikhwalithi nobuqiniso lapho bethola i-Djenkol ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Ingabe unayo imibuzo, iziphakamiso, noma iminikelo? Uma kunjalo, sicela ukhululeke ukusebenzisa ibhokisi lokuphawula elingezansi ukuze wabelane ngemicabango yakho. Futhi sikukhuthaza ukuba wabelane ngomusa lokhu kwaziswa nabanye abangase bazuze kukho. Njengoba singakwazi ukufinyelela wonke umuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa, silwazisa kakhulu usizo lwakho ekusakazeni izwi. Siyabonga kakhulu ngokusekela kwakho nokwabelana!
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Lesi sihloko senzelwe izinjongo zemfundo kanye nolwazi kuphela. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezichazwe zisekelwe ocwaningweni lwesayensi nolwazi lwendabuko. Azithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha esiqeqeshiwe, ukuxilongwa, noma ukwelashwa. Hlala uthintana nochwepheshe bezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yimaphi amakhambi noma amakhambi emvelo ngezinjongo zokwelapha.
Funda Futhi: Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela: Ukwakha Eyakho Iphalethi ye-DIY kusuka ku-Scratch