Curcuma zanthorrhiza, commonly known as Temulawak or Javanese Turmeric, is a medicinal plant native to Indonesia. It belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which also includes other well-known plants like ginger and turmeric.
Curcuma zanthorrhiza has been traditionally used for its potential health benefits and has gained attention for its active compounds and therapeutic properties.
Curcuma zanthorrhiza is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows from rhizomes, which are underground stems. The plant forms clumps of erect, leafy stems.
The plant can reach a height of about 1 to 1.5 meters.Leaves: The leaves are large, lance-shaped, and green in color. They emerge from the stem in an alternate arrangement.
The rhizomes of Curcuma zanthorrhiza are the most valued part of the plant. They are knobbly, with a rough texture and a dark brown to reddish-brown color.
The rhizomes have a distinct aromatic smell and a slightly bitter taste.
Curcuma zanthorrhiza contains various bioactive compounds, including curcuminoids (similar to those found in turmeric), essential oils and other phenolic compounds.
Read Also: 8 Medicinal Health Benefits of Strophanthus boivinii (Twisted Cord Flower)
The Medicinal Health Benefits of Curcuma Zanthorrhiza (Temulawak)
While Curcuma zanthorrhiza, also known as Temulawak, is not as extensively studied as its close relative turmeric (Curcuma longa), it is believed to share some similar bioactive compounds and medicinal health benefits. Here are 15 medicinal health benefits that have been associated with Curcuma zanthorrhiza:
1. Digestive Health: Curcuma zanthorrhiza has been traditionally used to aid digestion, reduce bloating, and alleviate stomach discomfort. Its compounds are thought to have carminative properties, which can help soothe the digestive system.
2. Liver Support: This plant is often used as a liver tonic, potentially promoting liver health and detoxification. Its antioxidants and bioactive compounds may help protect the liver from damage and improve its function.
3. Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Curcuma zanthorrhiza contains curcuminoids that are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds may help reduce inflammation in the body and alleviate symptoms of inflammatory conditions.
4. Antioxidant Protection: The antioxidants found in Curcuma zanthorrhiza, including curcuminoids, help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. This antioxidant activity can support overall health and potentially reduce the risk of chronic diseases.
5. Arthritis Relief: Traditional use of Curcuma zanthorrhiza includes managing joint pain and arthritis. Its anti-inflammatory properties may help alleviate pain and improve joint mobility.
6. Cardiovascular Health: Some studies suggest that curcuminoids found in Curcuma zanthorrhiza may contribute to cardiovascular health by supporting healthy blood pressure, reducing cholesterol levels, and improving blood vessel function.
7. Immune System Support: The plant’s bioactive compounds may have immune-modulating effects, potentially enhancing the body’s defense mechanisms against infections and diseases.
8. Antibacterial Activity: Research indicates that Curcuma zanthorrhiza extracts possess antimicrobial properties that could help combat certain bacterial strains, contributing to overall immune system support.
9. Wound Healing: In traditional medicine, Curcuma zanthorrhiza has been used externally to promote wound healing and reduce the risk of infections due to its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects.
10. Anti-Cancer Potential: While more research is needed, some studies suggest that the curcuminoids in Curcuma zanthorrhiza may exhibit anti-cancer properties by inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and promoting apoptosis (cell death).
11. Diabetes Management: Curcuma zanthorrhiza may have a role in managing diabetes due to its potential to regulate blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
12. Gastrointestinal Disorders: Traditional practices involve using the plant to alleviate symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders like indigestion, bloating, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
13. Neuroprotective Effects: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Curcuma zanthorrhiza may have a neuroprotective role, potentially supporting brain health and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
14. Anti-Allergic Properties: Some studies suggest that the plant’s compounds may have anti-allergic effects, helping to alleviate allergic reactions and symptoms.
15. Skin Health: Curcuma zanthorrhiza’s anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties make it a potential ingredient for skincare products, helping with conditions like acne, eczema, and other skin irritations.
Read Also: The Different Crop Storage Methods
The Methods of Usage to Achieve the Provided Health Benefits of Curcuma Zanthorrhiza (Temulawak)
1. Herbal Tea: Prepare a decoction by boiling sliced or grated Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizomes in water for about 15-20 minutes. Drinking this herbal tea can help with digestion, soothe the stomach, and provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
2. Golden Milk or Turmeric Latt: Mix Curcuma zanthorrhiza powder with warm milk (dairy or plant-based), a pinch of black pepper (to enhance curcumin absorption), and a natural sweetener if desired. This soothing drink is known for its anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties, and it can support overall well-being.
3. Topical Applications: Create a paste by mixing Curcuma zanthorrhiza powder with water or oil. Apply the paste to the affected area and leave it on for a short period before washing off. Topical applications can help with wound healing, skin irritations, and inflammatory skin conditions.
4. Cooking Ingredient: Add Curcuma zanthorrhiza powder or grated rhizomes to your dishes, curries, soups, stews and sauces. Incorporating the plant into your diet can provide ongoing support for digestion, inflammation and overall health.
5. Supplements: Curcuma zanthorrhiza supplements are available in various forms, such as capsules, tablets or extracts. Supplements can provide a standardized dose of the plant’s active compounds for targeted health benefits. However, consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplementation.
6. Oil Infusion: Infuse Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizomes in a carrier oil (e.g., coconut oil, olive oil) by heating them together on low heat for a period, then straining. The infused oil can be used for massages or applied topically to relieve joint pain, inflammation and skin issues.
7. Tinctures: Create a tincture by soaking dried Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizomes in alcohol (such as vodka) for several weeks. Strain and use the tincture as directed. Tinctures offer a concentrated form of the plant’s compounds and can be used to support digestive and liver health.
8. Incorporation into Skincare: Mix Curcuma zanthorrhiza powder with natural ingredients like honey, yogurt or aloe vera gel to create homemade face masks or skincare products. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of Curcuma zanthorrhiza can help address various skin issues and promote a healthy complexion.
The Side Effects of Using Curcuma Zanthorrhiza Medicinal Plant
While Curcuma zanthorrhiza (Temulawak) is generally considered safe when consumed in moderate amounts, there are a few potential side effects and considerations to be aware of:
1. Gastrointestinal Distress: Some individuals might experience gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, gas or an upset stomach, when consuming Curcuma zanthorrhiza in large amounts or on an empty stomach. Taking it with food can help mitigate this.
2. Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions to Curcuma zanthorrhiza are rare but possible. If you have a known allergy to plants in the Zingiberaceae family (like ginger), you should exercise caution when using Curcuma zanthorrhiza.
3. Interactions with Medications: Curcuma zanthorrhiza can interact with certain medications, particularly those that affect blood clotting or liver function. If you are taking blood-thinning medications, anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs or have liver issues, consult your healthcare provider before using Curcuma zanthorrhiza supplements or extracts.
4. Gallbladder Issues: People with gallbladder problems or a history of gallstones should use Curcuma zanthorrhiza with caution, as it might stimulate bile production and potentially exacerbate these conditions.
5. Iron Absorption: Curcuma zanthorrhiza, like other turmeric-related plants, might inhibit iron absorption. This could be a concern for individuals with iron-deficiency anemia. Consider consuming it separately from iron-rich meals if necessary.
6. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Limited information is available regarding the safety of Curcuma zanthorrhiza during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It’s recommended to consult a healthcare professional before using it in these circumstances.
7. Kidney Stones: Some people are advised to avoid high amounts of oxalate-containing foods if they are prone to kidney stones. Curcuma zanthorrhiza contains oxalates, so individuals with a history of kidney stones should moderate their consumption.
8. Skin Irritation: When applying Curcuma zanthorrhiza topically, especially as a paste or mask, some individuals might experience skin irritation or allergic reactions. Always perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying it more widely.
9. Drug Interactions: Curcuma zanthorrhiza can potentially interact with certain medications, including blood sugar-lowering drugs and medications metabolized by the liver. Consult a healthcare professional before using it alongside prescription medications.
10. Digestive Disorders: Individuals with conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or peptic ulcers might experience worsened symptoms when consuming Curcuma zanthorrhiza due to its potential to stimulate stomach acid production.
Nutritional Value of Curcuma Zanthorrhiza (Temulawak)
1. Curcuminoids: Temulawak contains curcuminoids (up to 5.5%), which are potent antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties, supporting immune health and reducing oxidative stress.
2. Essential Oils: Rich in essential oils like xanthorrhizol (25–30%), these compounds provide antimicrobial and antifungal effects, aiding in infection prevention.
3. Dietary Fiber: With about 2.5 g/100g, dietary fiber promotes digestive health, helping to regulate bowel movements and prevent constipation.
4. Carbohydrates: Containing approximately 70% carbohydrates, temulawak serves as an energy source, supporting metabolic functions.
5. Protein: Around 8% protein content contributes to tissue repair and overall nutritional balance when used in traditional remedies.
6. Vitamin C: With roughly 0.5 mg/100g, vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, boosting immunity and aiding collagen synthesis.
7. Potassium: At about 1.3 g/100g, potassium supports heart function, muscle contractions, and electrolyte balance.
8. Iron: Containing approximately 23 mg/100g, iron helps in hemoglobin formation and prevents anemia.
9. Flavonoids: Flavonoids provide additional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits, protecting against cellular damage.
10. Phenolic Compounds: These compounds enhance the plant’s antioxidant capacity, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
These nutritional components highlight Curcuma zanthorrhiza’s role in Indonesian traditional medicine, where it is valued for its hepatoprotective and digestive benefits.
Scientific Evidence and Case Studies on Curcuma Zanthorrhiza
1. Hepatoprotective Effects (Lister et al., 2025): Devaraj et al. studied the ethanol extract of Curcuma zanthorrhiza rhizomes in paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats, finding significant reductions in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) at doses of 200–400 mg/kg, demonstrating its protective role against hepatotoxicity.
2. Anti-inflammatory Activity (Jantan et al., 2005): Jantan et al. evaluated the rhizome extracts for inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes, showing strong anti-inflammatory effects comparable to indomethacin, supporting its use for inflammatory conditions. Reference: Jantan, I., Raweh, S. M. A., Yassin, M. S. M., Murad, S., & Sattar, M. A. (2005). Anti-inflammatory constituents of the rhizomes of Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Phytotherapy Research, 19(10), 893–896.
3. Antimicrobial Properties (Aziz et al., 2013): Aziz et al. demonstrated that xanthorrhizol from Curcuma zanthorrhiza exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans with MIC values of 7.8–15.6 µg/mL, validating its traditional use for infections. Reference: Aziz, A. N., Taha, Z., & Ismail, N. H. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of xanthorrhizol isolated from Curcuma xanthorrhiza. Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 14(1), 45–50.
Frequently Asked Questions About Curcuma Zanthorrhiza
1. What is Curcuma zanthorrhiza used for in traditional medicine?
Temulawak is used in Jamu (Indonesian herbal medicine) for liver protection, digestion, inflammation, and boosting appetite.
2. Can Curcuma zanthorrhiza help with liver health?
Yes, studies show its extracts protect against liver damage by reducing elevated enzymes in animal models.
3. Is Curcuma zanthorrhiza safe to consume?
In moderate amounts as tea or supplement, it is generally safe, but high doses may cause stomach upset; consult a doctor if pregnant.
4. How is Curcuma zanthorrhiza typically prepared?
Rhizomes are boiled into tea, made into extracts, or used in powders for oral consumption or topical applications.
5. Does Curcuma zanthorrhiza have anti-inflammatory properties?
Yes, its curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol inhibit inflammatory enzymes, effective for conditions like arthritis.
6. Can Curcuma zanthorrhiza be used for infections?
Its antimicrobial compounds like xanthorrhizol are effective against bacteria and fungi, as shown in research.
7. Is Curcuma zanthorrhiza related to turmeric?
Yes, it is a close relative of Curcuma longa (turmeric), sharing similar curcuminoids but with higher xanthorrhizol content.
8. Can Curcuma zanthorrhiza be grown at home?
Yes, it grows well in tropical climates with well-drained soil, similar to ginger, and can be propagated from rhizomes.
Do you have any questions, suggestions, or contributions? If so, please feel free to use the comment box below to share your thoughts. We also encourage you to kindly share this information with others who might benefit from it. Since we can’t reach everyone at once, we truly appreciate your help in spreading the word. Thank you very much for your support and for sharing!
Disclaimer: This article is for educational and informational purposes only. The health benefits described are based on scientific research and traditional knowledge. They are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any herb or natural remedy for medical purposes.
Read Also: Onions Farming Complete Business Guide