The concept of ‘biodiversity,’ particularly its definitions and benefits to humans and natural endowments, has already been introduced. Emphasis has also been placed on the effective management of bio-resources using various strategies. This article will further stress the approaches adopted to control and manage biodiversity.
In-Situ Approach to Biodiversity Management
This approach is very popular among ecologists and conservationists who use it to protect habitats and ecosystems. It involves using methods and tools to protect species, genetic varieties, and habitats in the wild. The aim is to ensure that the cherished varieties or species of plants and animals do not become extinct. The usefulness of the species notwithstanding, both the beneficial and less beneficial are collectively protected.
Ex-Situ Approach to Biodiversity Management
This approach is concerned with the deliberate and selective removal of plants, animals, microbial species, and genetic varieties from their original environment. What agriculturalists and species-oriented biologists do is attributed to this approach. The ultimate goal is the maintenance of samples of species outside their natural habitats.
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Restoration and Rehabilitation Approach to Biodiversity Management
As the name implies, this approach combines the use of both in-situ and ex-situ methods to achieve its objectives. These combined approaches are used to re-establish species, genetic varieties, communities, populations, habitats, and ecological processes.
Ecological restoration focuses on the reconstruction of natural and semi-natural ecosystems on degraded lands. This approach includes the reintroduction of most native species, while ecological rehabilitation is concerned with the repair of ecosystem processes.
Major Land-Use Approach in Biodiversity Management
This approach is widely used in agriculture, forestry, fisheries, wildlife management, and tourism. These fields require extensive land use, and in the process, they incorporate protection, sustainable use, and equity criteria as management objectives.
These approaches dominate most landscapes and near-shore coastal zones, offering the greatest reward for investments in biodiversity management.
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Policy and Institutional Approach to Biodiversity Management
The main focus of this approach is the establishment of easements and arrangements between public agencies and private interests to create landscape characteristics favorable to biodiversity.
This approach works by using incentives and tax policies to foster specific land-use practices and to create and enforce land tenure arrangements that promote effectiveness and sustainability.
Biodiversity management requires deliberate efforts to protect the species and varieties of bio-resources in a particular environment. The evolving effective strategies include the in-situ approach, the ex-situ approach, the restoration and rehabilitation approach, the major land-use approach, and the policy and institutional approach.
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