Groundnuts/Peanuts Bracts: Economic Importance, Uses, and by-Products

November 1, 2023 Agric4Profits

Groundnuts/Peanuts Bracts are modified leaves that are often found just below a flower or flower cluster and can serve various functions, including protecting the developing flower bud or assisting in pollination.

In the case of groundnuts/peanuts, the flowers are typically found underground, where they self-pollinate. The peanut plant produces yellow flowers, and after pollination, the flowers develop a structure called a “peg,” which elongates and eventually penetrates the soil. Once in the ground, the peanut pods, which contain the seeds (the peanuts themselves), develop from the fertilized ovules of the flower. These pods do not have typical bracts; instead, they are formed from the ovary of the flower and develop underground.

The Economic Importance and Uses of Groundnuts/Peanuts Bracts

Groundnut (peanut) bracts, also known as peanut hulls or shells, are the protective outer covering of peanuts. While they are typically considered waste after peanuts are harvested, they do have some economic importance and uses.

Here are the economic uses and importance of groundnut bracts:

1. Animal Feed: Groundnut bracts can be used as a source of roughage in animal feed. They are often utilized in livestock and poultry feed formulations to provide fiber and bulk in the diet. The bracts have some nutritional value and can help improve digestion in animals.

2. Mulch: Groundnut bracts can be used as a mulch material for gardening and farming. They help conserve soil moisture, suppress weed growth, and protect the soil from erosion. This can be especially useful in arid regions and for crop cultivation.

3. Composting: Groundnut bracts can be added to compost piles to enrich the compost with organic matter. As they break down, they release nutrients into the compost, which can then be used to improve soil fertility and enhance plant growth.

4. Biofuel Production: In some regions, groundnut bracts are used as a biomass feedstock for biofuel production. They can be converted into biofuels like bioethanol or biogas through various biochemical and thermochemical processes.

5. Crafts and Artwork: Groundnut bracts can be used in arts and crafts projects. They are sometimes used for making decorative items, such as ornaments and woven baskets. This can provide a source of income for artisans.

6. Insulation Material: In some regions, groundnut bracts are used as an insulation material for construction. They can be mixed with clay or other materials to create insulating bricks or panels. This can contribute to energy efficiency in building design.

7. Biodegradable Packaging: Due to their natural and biodegradable properties, groundnut bracts can be used as packaging materials. They can serve as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional packaging materials like plastic and Styrofoam.

8. Soil Erosion Control: Groundnut bracts can be spread over slopes and embankments to control soil erosion. They create a protective layer that prevents soil from being washed away by rainfall or surface runoff.

9. Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Uses: Some compounds extracted from groundnut bracts, such as polyphenols and antioxidants, have potential pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. These compounds can be used in the formulation of products like skincare creams and dietary supplements.

10. Research and Education: Groundnut bracts are used in educational settings to teach students about the anatomy of peanuts and the importance of recycling agricultural waste. They can also be used in scientific research for various purposes.

The Products and By-products That Can Be Derived From Groundnuts/Peanuts Bracts

Groundnut or peanut bracts, also known as peanut shells, are the outer protective coverings of the peanut kernel. While they are not as widely utilized as the peanut itself, they can be repurposed for various products and by-products.

Here are some of the products and by-products that can be derived from groundnut/peanut bracts:

1. Animal Feed: Peanut bracts can be used as a component of animal feed, especially for livestock like cattle and goats. They provide fiber and some nutritional value, contributing to the animal’s diet.

2. Compost Material: Peanut bracts can be composted to create organic fertilizer. When properly composted, they add organic matter to the soil and enhance its structure.

3. Biomass Fuel: Peanut bracts can be used as a source of biomass fuel. They can be pelletized or used as fuel for heating and energy production, particularly in areas where peanuts are grown abundantly.

4. Mulch: Shredded peanut bracts can be used as mulch in gardening and agriculture. They help conserve soil moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

5. Craft and Decorative Material: Groundnut bracts can be used in various craft and decorative applications. They can be dyed, painted, or woven into baskets, wreaths, or other decorative items.

6. Erosion Control: Peanut bracts can be used for erosion control and soil stabilization in areas prone to erosion. They can be spread on slopes to prevent soil erosion.

7. Mushroom Cultivation: Groundnut bracts can serve as a substrate for growing certain types of mushrooms. They provide a suitable medium for mushroom mycelium to grow.

8. Biochar: Peanut bracts can be converted into biochar through a process called pyrolysis. Biochar is a type of charcoal that can improve soil fertility and carbon sequestration.

9. Tannin Extraction: Groundnut bracts contain tannins, which can be extracted and used in tanning leather, dyeing, and various industrial applications.

10. Paper and Pulp: While less common, peanut bracts can be utilized in the production of paper and pulp. They are a source of cellulose fiber, and with proper processing, they can be used for papermaking.

11. Organic Pest Control: In some cases, peanut bracts have been used as a natural pest repellent or deterrent. When spread around plants, they may help deter certain pests.

12. Soil Conditioner: When finely ground, peanut bracts can be used as a soil conditioner to improve soil structure and water retention.

In conclusion, it is important to note that the utilization of peanut bracts can vary depending on regional and local practices, as well as the availability and demand for these products and by-products. The recycling or repurposing of peanut bracts can help reduce waste and contribute to sustainable agriculture and resource management.