The skeletal system comprises all bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage that connect them. Teeth, although part of the skeletal system, are not classified as bones; they are composed of enamel and dentin, with enamel being the strongest substance in the body.
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1. Structure of Bones and Bone Cells
A typical bone features an outer layer of compact bone, which is strong, dense, and tough. Beneath this is a layer of spongy bone, resembling a honeycomb structure, which is lighter and slightly flexible.
The center of some bones contains bone marrow, a jelly-like substance where new blood cells are continuously produced. Calcium is an essential mineral that bone cells require to maintain strength, highlighting the importance of adequate nutrition.
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2. Functions of the Skeletal System
i. Support: The primary function of the skeleton is to provide support for the body. Without it, the body would lack structure and form.
ii. Protection: The skeleton protects internal organs and delicate body tissues. For instance, the skull protects the brain and eyes, the ribs shield the heart and lungs, and the vertebrae safeguard the spinal cord.
iii. Movement: Bones serve as attachment points for muscles, facilitating movement. Tendons, which are tough, inelastic bands, connect muscles to bones, enabling locomotion and other movements.
3. Bone Healing Process
Bones are living tissues with their own nerves and blood vessels. When a bone fractures, the body produces new cells to repair the break. These cells form a bridge across the fracture, gradually restoring the bone’s integrity.
4. Maintaining Healthy Bones
Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining bone strength. Activities such as walking, running, and other physical exercises help keep bones strong and healthy. It’s also important to use proper protective equipment during physical activities to prevent injuries.
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