Types and Methods of Application of Fertilizers in Pasture Species
Fertilizers in pasture species are needed for better establishment and quality. This is due to the supply of necessary nutrients (macro and micro) that are highly essential for pasture growth. Lack of these nutrients in the soil can lead to poor growth and performance of pasture species.
Different pasture species have different fertilizer requirements. For example, grass species require more nitrogenous fertilizers than phosphorus, although phosphorus is also critical to the survival of the species. Legumes need more phosphorus and calcium rather than nitrogen.
Types of Fertilizers for Pasture Species
When it comes to fertilizing pasture species, there are various types and methods to consider, each playing a significant role in promoting healthy growth and maximizing productivity.
There are two types of fertilizers used in pasture management. These include: organic fertilizers or farm yard manure and chemical fertilizers. All of these fertilizer sources supply the same type of nutrients to pastures.
Organic fertilizers, such as manure and compost, provide natural nutrients to the soil, enhancing its fertility and promoting sustainable plant growth.
However, the rate of release of these nutrients differed between the fertilizer sources. Organic manures are very slow in the release of nutrients compared to chemical fertilizers.
On the other hand, synthetic fertilizers are chemically formulated to deliver specific nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are vital for robust pasture development.
Chemical fertilizers are further categorized into straight (e.g. Urea 46%N) and compound fertilizers (e.g. NPK 15:15:15) depending on the number of chemicals they contain.
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Methods of Application of Fertilizers to Pasture Specie
Now, let’s talk about the methods of fertilizer application. Fertilizers can be applied to pastures either during land preparation or at planting. Phosphatic fertilizers such as Single Super Phosphate (SSP) can be applied at a single dose during land preparation because it is immobile in the soil.
However, nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea can be applied in split doses to capture the highly mobile nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, it is advisable to apply nitrogenous fertilizers to pastures at 3 and 6 weeks after planting for better results.
Fertilizers are mainly applied using broadcasting methods but they can also be drilled. However, spot application is only possible in pasture species such as forage maize.
One common approach is top-dressing, where fertilizers are evenly spread over the pasture surface. This method works well for both organic and synthetic fertilizers and is relatively straightforward to implement.
Another method is through liquid application, which involves spraying liquid fertilizers directly onto the pasture. This approach allows for precise nutrient targeting and is particularly effective for quick absorption by the plants.
Furthermore, there’s the option of incorporating fertilizers into the soil before planting, which ensures that the nutrients are readily available to the growing pasture species. This method is known as pre-planting application and is beneficial for establishing a strong foundation for healthy pasture growth.
Additionally, utilizing a combination of these methods, known as split application, can provide a gradual and sustained release of nutrients, supporting consistent pasture development over an extended period.
Understanding the types and methods of fertilizer application is crucial for maintaining nutrient-rich pastures, promoting robust plant growth, and ultimately ensuring the well-being of grazing animals.
By carefully selecting the appropriate type of fertilizer and applying it using suitable methods, farmers can optimize pasture productivity and contribute to the overall success of their agricultural endeavors.
Sources of Nutrients in Pasture Species
Nutrients in pastures can come from different sources, which may include the following:
Fertilizer application;
The urine of livestock;
Feces/dung of livestock;
Decay of organic matter in the soil;
Atmospheric deposition e.g. SO42-, NO32-;
Activities of soil living organisms such as bacteria.
In summary, fertilizers can come from organic or chemical sources. They all contain the same source of nutrients but the rate at which they release these nutrients vary greatly. They can be applied at single or split doses.
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